{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T09:25:42Z","timestamp":1763457942545,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGBED Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>ARM big.LITTLE architectures are spreading more and more in the mobile world thanks to their power-saving capabilities due to the use of two ISA-compatible islands, one focusing on energy efficiency and the other one on computational power. This architecture makes the problem of energy-aware task scheduling particularly challenging, due to the number of variables to take into account and the need for having lightweight mechanisms that can be readily computed in an operating system kernel scheduler.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>This paper presents a novel task scheduler for big.LITTLE platforms, combining the well-known Constant Bandwidth Server algorithm with a power-aware per-job migration policy. This achieves real-time adaptation of the CPU islands' frequencies based on the individual cores' overall utilization, as available in the scheduler thanks to the use of the resource reservation paradigm. Preliminary results obtained by simulations based on modifications to the open-source RTSim tool show that the proposed technique is able to achieve interesting performance\/energy trade-offs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3412821.3412824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T15:58:23Z","timestamp":1595865503000},"page":"18-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["An adaptive, utilization-based approach to schedule real-time tasks for ARM big.LITTLE architectures"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Agostino","family":"Mascitti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Cucinotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Marinoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/827270.829047"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTCSA.2006.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proc. International Workshop on Embedded Operating Systems (EWILI 2018)","author":"Balsini A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Balsini , A. , Pannocchi , L. , and Cucinotta , T . Modeling and simulation of power consumption and execution times for real-time tasks on embedded heterogeneous architectures . In Proc. International Workshop on Embedded Operating Systems (EWILI 2018) (Torino, Italy , 2016 ). Balsini, A., Pannocchi, L., and Cucinotta, T. Modeling and simulation of power consumption and execution times for real-time tasks on embedded heterogeneous architectures. In Proc. International Workshop on Embedded Operating Systems (EWILI 2018) (Torino, Italy, 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Energy-aware scheduling for real-time systems: A survey. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) 15, 1","author":"Bambagini M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bambagini , M. , Marinoni , M. , Aydin , H. , and Buttazzo , G . Energy-aware scheduling for real-time systems: A survey. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) 15, 1 ( 2016 ), 7. Bambagini, M., Marinoni, M., Aydin, H., and Buttazzo, G. Energy-aware scheduling for real-time systems: A survey. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) 15, 1 (2016), 7."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EUC.2010.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11241-011-9126-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"29th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2017)","author":"Casini D.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Casini , D. , Biondi , A. , and Buttazzo , G . Semi-partitioned scheduling of dynamic real-time workload: A practical approach based on analysis-driven load balancing . In 29th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2017) ( 2017 ), Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik. Casini, D., Biondi, A., and Buttazzo, G. Semi-partitioned scheduling of dynamic real-time workload: A practical approach based on analysis-driven load balancing. In 29th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2017) (2017), Schloss Dagstuhl-Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE RTSOPS","author":"Chwa H. S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chwa , H. S. , Seo , J. , Yoo , H. , Lee , J. , and Shin , I . Energy and feasibility optimal global scheduling framework on big. LITTLE platforms . In Proc. IEEE RTSOPS ( 2015 ), pp. 1 -- 11 . Chwa, H. S., Seo, J., Yoo, H., Lee, J., and Shin, I. Energy and feasibility optimal global scheduling framework on big. LITTLE platforms. In Proc. IEEE RTSOPS (2015), pp. 1--11."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTCSA.2014.6910506"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proc. 1st International Workshop on Analysis Tools and Methodologies for Embedded and Real-time Systems (WATERS 2010)","author":"Emberson P.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Emberson , P. , Stafford , R. , and Davis , R. I . Techniques For The Synthesis Of Multiprocessor Tasksets . In Proc. 1st International Workshop on Analysis Tools and Methodologies for Embedded and Real-time Systems (WATERS 2010) (Brussels, Belgium , 2010 ). Emberson, P., Stafford, R., and Davis, R. I. Techniques For The Synthesis Of Multiprocessor Tasksets. 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