{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T16:54:13Z","timestamp":1780764853489,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":29,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH (National Institutes of Health)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R44OD024874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44OD024874"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3412841.3441979","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T05:09:16Z","timestamp":1619154556000},"page":"1030-1036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["P2E-WGAN"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Khuong","family":"Vo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad Kasaeyan","family":"Naeini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Naderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Jilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir M.","family":"Rahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikil","family":"Dutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Paul Kligfield et al. \"Recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part I: the electrocardiogram and its technology a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology\". In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology 49.10 (2007) pp. 1109--1127."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Interfacing Bioelectronics and Biomedical Sensing","author":"Tai Le","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tai Le et al. \"Electrocardiogram: Acquisition and Analysis for Biological Investigations and Health Monitoring\". In: Interfacing Bioelectronics and Biomedical Sensing. Springer, 2020, pp. 117--142."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/28\/3\/R01"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Sudden death in young people: Heart problems often blamed. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/sudden-cardiac-arrest\/in-depth\/sudden-death\/art-20047571. Retrieved on","year":"2020","unstructured":"sudden. Sudden death in young people: Heart problems often blamed. https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/sudden-cardiac-arrest\/in-depth\/sudden-death\/art-20047571. Retrieved on September 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Therapeutics and clinical risk management 12","author":"Rosiek Anna","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anna Rosiek and Krzysztof Leksowski. \"The risk factors and prevention of cardiovascular disease: the importance of electrocardiogram in the diagnosis and treatment of acute coronary syndrome\". In: Therapeutics and clinical risk management 12 (2016), p. 1223."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31816c89e1","article-title":"Utility of the photoplethysmogram in circulatory monitoring","volume":"108","author":"Andrew Reisner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andrew Reisner et al. \"Utility of the photoplethysmogram in circulatory monitoring\". In: Anesthesiology: The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists 108.5 (2008), pp. 950--958.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology: The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"International journal of biosensors & bioelectronics 4.4","author":"Denisse Castaneda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Denisse Castaneda et al. \"A review on wearable photoplethysmography sensors and their potential future applications in health care\". In: International journal of biosensors & bioelectronics 4.4 (2018), p. 195."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","first-page":"4404","volume-title":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE.","author":"Rohan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rohan Banerjee et al. \"PhotoECG: Photoplethysmographyto estimate ECG parameters\". In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE. 2014, pp. 4404--4408."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2019 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical & Health Informatics (BHI). IEEE.","author":"Qiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qiang Zhu et al. \"ECG reconstruction via PPG: A pilot study\". In: 2019 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical & Health Informatics (BHI). IEEE. 2019, pp. 1--4."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","first-page":"936","volume-title":"ICASSP 2020--2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE.","author":"Xin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xin Tian et al. \"Cross-Domain Joint Dictionary Learning for ECG Reconstruction from PPG\". In: ICASSP 2020--2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE. 2020, pp. 936--940."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Electrocardiogram generation with a bidirectional LSTM-CNN generative adversarial network","volume":"9","author":"Fei Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fei Zhu et al. \"Electrocardiogram generation with a bidirectional LSTM-CNN generative adversarial network\". In: Scientific reports 9.1 (2019), pp. 1--11.","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.3301557"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals\". In: circulation 101.23","author":"Goldberger Ary L","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ary L Goldberger et al. \"PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals\". In: circulation 101.23 (2000), e215--e220."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","first-page":"1006","volume-title":"2015 IEEE international symposium on circuits and systems (ISCAS). IEEE.","author":"Mohamad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohamad Kachuee et al. \"Cuff-less high-accuracy calibration-free blood pressure estimation using pulse transit time\". In: 2015 IEEE international symposium on circuits and systems (ISCAS). IEEE. 2015, pp. 1006--1009."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","first-page":"2672","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems.","author":"Ian Goodfellow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ian Goodfellow et al. \"Generative adversarial nets\". In: Advances in neural information processing systems. 2014, pp. 2672--2680."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","first-page":"1125","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition.","author":"Phillip","year":"2017","unstructured":"Phillip Isola et al. \"Image-to-image translation with conditional adversarial networks\". In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 2017, pp. 1125--1134."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","first-page":"1929","volume-title":"The journal of machine learning research 15.1","author":"Nitish Srivastava","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nitish Srivastava et al. \"Dropout: a simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting\". In: The journal of machine learning research 15.1 (2014), pp. 1929--1958."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:1701.07875","author":"Arjovsky Martin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martin Arjovsky, Soumith Chintala, and L\u00e9on Bottou. \"Wasserstein gan\". In: arXiv preprint arXiv:1701.07875 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","first-page":"5767","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems.","author":"Ishaan Gulrajani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ishaan Gulrajani et al. \"Improved training of wasserstein gans\". In: Advances in neural information processing systems. 2017, pp. 5767--5777."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","first-page":"1157","volume-title":"IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering 12","author":"Hamilton Patrick S","year":"1986","unstructured":"Patrick S Hamilton and Willis J Tompkins. \"Quantitative investigation of QRS detection rules using the MIT\/BIH arrhythmia database\". In: IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering 12 (1986), pp. 1157--1165."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24574-4_28"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"2d convolutional neural networks for sequence-to-sequence prediction\". In: arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.03867","author":"Elbayad Maha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maha Elbayad, Laurent Besacier, and Jakob Verbeek. \"Pervasive attention: 2d convolutional neural networks for sequence-to-sequence prediction\". In: arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.03867 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision. Springer.","author":"Colin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Colin Lea et al. \"Temporal convolutional networks: A unified approach to action segmentation\". In: European Conference on Computer Vision. Springer. 2016, pp. 47--54."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23915\/distill.00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"The missing ingredient for fast stylization\". In: arXiv preprint arXiv:1607.08022","author":"Ulyanov Dmitry","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dmitry Ulyanov, Andrea Vedaldi, and Victor Lempitsky. \"Instance normalization: The missing ingredient for fast stylization\". In: arXiv preprint arXiv:1607.08022 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","first-page":"315","volume-title":"Proceedings of the fourteenth international conference on artificial intelligence and statistics.","author":"Glorot Xavier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xavier Glorot, Antoine Bordes, and Yoshua Bengio. \"Deep sparse rectifier neural networks\". In: Proceedings of the fourteenth international conference on artificial intelligence and statistics. 2011, pp. 315--323."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"A method for stochastic optimization\". In: arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980","author":"Kingma Diederik P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Diederik P Kingma and Jimmy Ba. \"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization\". In: arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980 (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","first-page":"2234","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems.","author":"Tim Salimans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tim Salimans et al. \"Improved techniques for training gans\". In: Advances in neural information processing systems. 2016, pp. 2234--2242."}],"event":{"name":"SAC '21: The 36th ACM\/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing","location":"Virtual Event Republic of Korea","acronym":"SAC '21","sponsor":["SIGAPP ACM Special Interest Group on Applied Computing"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3412841.3441979","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3412841.3441979","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:24:24Z","timestamp":1750195464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3412841.3441979"}},"subtitle":["ECG waveform synthesis from PPG with conditional wasserstein generative adversarial networks"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3412841.3441979","10.1145\/3412841"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3412841.3441979","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}