{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:24:42Z","timestamp":1776093882383,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"CSCW2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["1815940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1815940"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Social Networking Sites (SNS) provide a platform for engaging youth in activism (e.g., by helping mobilize civic action). While youth typically employ casual approaches to online activism (i.e., quick actions, such as broadcast posts to advertise social justice events), more strategic practices (i.e., those that are more creative and informed) can increase the likelihood of successful online campaigns. However, little work has examined how youth activists can be supported to use SNS more strategically. To address this research gap, we conducted interviews with youth activists, exploring how youth made sense of social network visualizations and their perspectives on how such tools could support their activism efforts. Our findings characterize how participants made inferences about followers? identities based on their hashtag use, and how they used those inferences in outreach decisions. We conclude with design implications for future research in this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3415180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T22:27:49Z","timestamp":1602800869000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Supporting Youth Activists? Strategic Use of Social Media"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Farnaz","family":"Irannejad Bisafar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Foucault Welles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"D'Ignazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea G.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/casp.903"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1935826.1935845"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Enlisting the power of youth for climate change. American Psychologist","author":"Bandura Albert","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Social movements and media","author":"Barker-Plummer Bernadette"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240789"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/iwc\/iwv041"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Forgetting in the recall-based elicitation of personal and social networks. Social networks","author":"Brewer Devon D","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01419870.2017.1334934"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Revolutionizing education","author":"Cammarota Julio","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203932100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Science & Tech","author":"Pew Reseach Center","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Meeyoung Cha Hamed Haddadi Fabricio Benevenuto and Krishna P Gummadi. 2010. Measuring user influence in twitter: The million follower fallacy. In fourth international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media. Meeyoung Cha Hamed Haddadi Fabricio Benevenuto and Krishna P Gummadi. 2010. Measuring user influence in twitter: The million follower fallacy. In fourth international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Young people and the future of news: Social media and the rise of connective journalism","author":"Clark Lynn Schofield"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2016.1138235"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Sociological forum","author":"Cobbina Jennifer E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jerusha Conner and Sonia M Rosen. 2016. Contemporary Youth Activism: Advancing Social Justice in the United States: Advancing Social Justice in the United States .ABC-CLIO. Jerusha Conner and Sonia M Rosen. 2016. Contemporary Youth Activism: Advancing Social Justice in the United States: Advancing Social Justice in the United States .ABC-CLIO.","DOI":"10.5040\/9798400631511"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10665684.2014.866868"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Jacob Ratkiewicz, Alessandro Flammini, and Filippo Menczer.","author":"Conover Michael D","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Strauss","author":"Corbin Juliet M.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Youth-led community organizing: Theory and action","author":"Delgado Melvin","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195182767.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ssqu.12048"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Feminist online identity: Analyzing the presence of hashtag feminism","volume":"3","author":"Dixon Kitsy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Arts and Humanities"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Creating networks for survival and mobility: Social capital among African-American and Latin-American low-income mothers. Social problems","author":"Dominguez Silvia","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Invision Enterprise. 2011. The digital product design platform. https:\/\/www.invisionapp.com Invision Enterprise. 2011. The digital product design platform. https:\/\/www.invisionapp.com"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Youth ReACT for social change: A method for youth participatory action research. American journal of community psychology","author":"Foster-Fishman Pennie G","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532480XADS0801_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paolo Gerbaudo and Emiliano Trer\u00e9. 2015. In search of the 'we'of social media activism: introduction to the special issue on social media and protest identities. Paolo Gerbaudo and Emiliano Trer\u00e9. 2015. In search of the 'we'of social media activism: introduction to the special issue on social media and protest identities.","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2015.1043319"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2012.01574.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"High-and Low-Risk Activism: Differential Participation in a Refugee Solidarity Movement. Mobilization","volume":"24","author":"Gundelach Peter","year":"2019","journal-title":"An International Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Imagining replications: Graphical prediction & discrete visualizations improve recall & estimation of effect uncertainty","author":"Hullman Jessica","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"The social media response to Black Lives Matter: how Twitter users interact with Black Lives Matter through hashtag use. Ethnic and racial studies","author":"Ince Jelani","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173757"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858492"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"New Media, and Technology","author":"Jackson Sarah J","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12185"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2015.1106571"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J125v14n01_03"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1556460.1556469"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2010.550063"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"et almbox","author":"Kawachi Ichiro","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Social capital and self-rated health: a contextual analysis. American journal of public health","author":"Kawachi Ichiro","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18357\/ar.konnellya.612015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"Julie Letierce Alexandre Passant John Breslin and Stefan Decker. 2010. Understanding how Twitter is used to spread scientific messages. (2010). Julie Letierce Alexandre Passant John Breslin and Stefan Decker. 2010. Understanding how Twitter is used to spread scientific messages. (2010)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173799"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09593841011087770"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Social media and connective journalism: The formation of counterpublics and youth civic participation. Journalism","author":"Marchi Regina","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Health Canada. https:\/\/www. yumpu. com\/en\/document\/view\/25946368\/youth-led-healthpromotion-youth-engagement-and-youth","author":"McCall Douglas S","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1350506818765318"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1758Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Ethics of social media research: common concerns and practical considerations. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking","author":"Moreno Megan A","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731512459967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702613.2725429"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IV.2002.1028859"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2145204.2145352"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"Developmental antecedents of young adult civic engagement. Applied developmental science","author":"Obradovi\u0107 Jelena","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","unstructured":"Daphna Oyserman Kristen Elmore and George Smith. 2012. Self self-concept and identity. (2012). Daphna Oyserman Kristen Elmore and George Smith. 2012. Self self-concept and identity. (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705420802514213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"The SAGE Handbook of Social Media","author":"Poell Thomas"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Roberto Tietzmann, Isabel Manssour, Milene Selbach Silveira, Marcelo Tr\"asel, Duncan Dubugras Alcoba Ruiz, and Rodrigo Barros.","author":"Santos Caroline Queiroz","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a949"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Bystander intervention, feminist hashtag activism, and the anti-carceral politics of care. Feminist media studies","author":"Rentschler Carrie A","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"Social media, social life: Teens reveal their experiences","author":"Rideout V","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32398\/cjhp.v4i3.1960"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Doing civics in the digital age: Casual, purposeful, and strategic approaches to participatory politics. Youth and Participatory Politics Research Network","author":"Rundle Margaret","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2016.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3898\/NewF.78.02.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","volume-title":"A behavioral model of rational choice. The quarterly journal of economics","author":"Simon Herbert A","year":"1955"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","volume-title":"What is slack about slacktivism. Methodological and conceptual issues in cyber activism research","author":"Skoric Marko M","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2017.1393221"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","volume-title":"Social media and political communication: a social media analytics framework. Social network analysis and mining","author":"Stieglitz Stefan","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFVIS.1997.636790"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2009.01503.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","volume-title":"Dangerous or endangered?: Race and the politics of youth in urban America","author":"Tilton Jennifer"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panayiota Tsatsou and Yupei Zhao. 2016. A ?two-level social capital analysis? of the role of online communication in civic activism: Lessons from the role of Facebook in the sunflower movement. Social Media Panayiota Tsatsou and Yupei Zhao. 2016. A ?two-level social capital analysis? of the role of online communication in civic activism: Lessons from the role of Facebook in the sunflower movement. Social Media","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305116671967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","unstructured":"Society Vol. 2 4 (2016) 2056305116671967. Society Vol. 2 4 (2016) 2056305116671967."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764213479375"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444813518391"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2018.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2015.1008744"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","volume-title":"using digital activism to document violence against black women. Feminist media studies","author":"Williams Sherri","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2567948.2577020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17645\/mac.v4i4.692"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2006.272"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208716"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888690801910567"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1944-2866.POI360"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3415180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3415180","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3415180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:03:10Z","timestamp":1750197790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3415180"}},"subtitle":["A Qualitative Investigation of Design Opportunities"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"CSCW2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3415180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3415180","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}