{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T19:03:16Z","timestamp":1776106996961,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"CSCW2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"the ARC Discovery Project","award":["DP190102141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP190102141"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Paid micro-task crowdsourcing has gained in popularity partly due to the increasing need for large-scale manually labelled datasets which are often used to train and evaluate Artificial Intelligence systems. Modern paid crowdsourcing platforms use a piecework approach to rewards, meaning that workers are paid for each task they complete, given that their work quality is considered sufficient by the requester or the platform. Such an approach creates risks for workers; their work may be rejected without being rewarded, and they may be working on poorly rewarded tasks, in light of the disproportionate time required to complete them. As a result, recent research has shown that crowd workers may tend to choose specific, simple, and familiar tasks and avoid new requesters to manage these risks. In this paper, we propose a novel crowdsourcing reward mechanism that allows workers to share these risks and achieve a standardized hourly wage equal for all participating workers. Reward-focused workers can thereby take up challenging and complex HITs without bearing the financial risk of not being rewarded for completed work. We experimentally compare different crowd reward schemes and observe their impact on worker performance and satisfaction. Our results show that 1) workers clearly perceive the benefits of the proposed reward scheme, 2) work effectiveness and efficiency are not impacted as compared to those of the piecework scheme, and 3) the presence of slow workers is limited and does not disrupt the proposed cooperation-based approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3415203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T22:28:12Z","timestamp":1602800892000},"page":"1-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["CrowdCO-OP"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Shaoyang","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"}]},{"given":"Ujwal","family":"Gadiraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Checco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Demartini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"543","article-title":"Income Security in the On-Demand Economy: Findings and Policy Lessons from a Survey of Crowdworkers","volume":"37","author":"Berg Janine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858198"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691610393980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Crowd-Workers: Aggregating Information Across Turkers To Help Them Find Higher Paying Work. In the Second AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing.","author":"Callison-Burch Chris","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3026044"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1.11332"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702145"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Crowd-labeling fashion reviews with quality control. arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.09648","author":"Chernushenko Iurii","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Skill Growth. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 2, CSCW","author":"Chiang Chun-Wei","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2675133.2675260"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3148148"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2736277.2741685"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Chi, and Steven Dow","author":"Egelman Serge","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10791-011-9181-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Overview of the Eighth Text Retrieval Conference. In the Eighth Text Retrieval Conference. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg.","author":"Voorhees Donna Harman","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8292.1988.tb01444.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.90.4.980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872675400700202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130914"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3342220.3343644"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Crowd Anatomy Beyond the Good and Bad: Behavioral Traces for Crowd Worker Modeling and Pre-selection. Computer Supported Cooperative Work: CSCW: An International Journal","author":"Gadiraju Ujwal","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2631775.2631819"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702443"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3078714.3078715"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2984511.2984542"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3336191.3371857"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3289600.3291035"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Carroll","author":"Hanrahan Benjamin V.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Crowd Dynamics: Conflicts, Contradictions, and Community in Crowdsourcing. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 28, 5 (01","author":"Hansson Karin","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Montreal QC, Canada, 1--14","author":"Hara Kotaro"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Rating Working Conditions on Digital Labor Platforms. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 28, 5 (01","author":"Harmon Ellie","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"the rise and fall of piecework. IZA World of Labor","author":"Hart Robert A","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/001401397188396"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Give Me a Break: The Extent of Paid Holidays and Vacation","author":"Jorgensen Helene","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Bigham","author":"Kaplan Toni","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-016-0981-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-016-0727-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2018.1523587"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2531602.2531663"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Hanrahan","author":"Martin David","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858539"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"the. Palgrave Macmillan UK","author":"Rockart Scott"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media.","author":"Rogstadius Jakob","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"A GENDER LENS ON THE FUTURE OF WORK","volume":"72","author":"Rubery Jill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of International Affairs"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"TurkScanner: Predicting the Hourly Wage of Microtasks. In The World Wide Web Conference (WWW '19)","author":"Saito Susumu"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702508"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","first-page":"505","article-title":"Operating an employer reputation system: lessons from Turkopticon, 2008--2015","volume":"37","author":"Six Silberman M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"An Analysis of the Use of Qualifications on the Amazon Mechanical Turk Online Labor Market. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 26, 4 (01","author":"Sodr\u00e9 Ianna","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Cong Duy Vu Hoang, and Min-Yen Kan","author":"Wang Aobo","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2350229.2350263"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/hcomp.v7i1.5283"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359126"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1978963"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359158"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3292522.3326010"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3415203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3415203","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:03:11Z","timestamp":1750197791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3415203"}},"subtitle":["Sharing Risks and Rewards in Crowdsourcing"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"CSCW2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3415203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3415203","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}