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However, they exhibit high CPU and I\/O overhead. Nowadays, due to power limitations, it is important to reduce CPU overheads for data processing.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            In this article, we propose\n            <jats:italic>Kreon<\/jats:italic>\n            , a key-value store that targets servers with flash-based storage, where CPU overhead and I\/O amplification are more significant bottlenecks compared to I\/O randomness. We first observe that two significant sources of overhead in key-value stores are: (a) The use of compaction in Log-Structured Merge-Trees (LSM-Tree) that constantly perform merging and sorting of large data segments and (b) the use of an I\/O cache to access devices, which incurs overhead even for data that reside in memory. To avoid these,\n            <jats:italic>Kreon<\/jats:italic>\n            performs data movement from level to level by using partial reorganization instead of full data reorganization via the use of a full index per-level.\n            <jats:italic>Kreon<\/jats:italic>\n            uses memory-mapped I\/O via a custom kernel path to avoid a user-space cache.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            For a large dataset,\n            <jats:italic>Kreon<\/jats:italic>\n            reduces CPU cycles\/op by up to 5.8\u00d7, reduces I\/O amplification for inserts by up to 4.61\u00d7, and increases insert ops\/s by up to 5.3\u00d7, compared to RocksDB.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3418414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T13:16:30Z","timestamp":1610975790000},"page":"1-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Kreon"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1568-9157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios","family":"Papagiannis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, FORTH, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgos","family":"Saloustros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, FORTH, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgos","family":"Xanthakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, FORTH, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgos","family":"Kalaentzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, FORTH, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Gonzalez-Ferez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelos","family":"Bilas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science, FORTH, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Conference on Hot Topics in Storage and File Systems (HotStorage\u201919)","author":"Ahn Jung-Sang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jung-Sang Ahn , Mohiuddin Abdul Qader , Woon-Hak Kang , Hieu Nguyen , Guogen Zhang , and Sami Ben-Romdhane . 2019 . 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