{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:28:21Z","timestamp":1790310501321,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Council"},{"name":"Sultanate of Oman"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Internet Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            In today\u2019s highly connected cyber-physical environments, users are becoming more and more concerned about their privacy and ask for more involvement in the control of their data. However, achieving effective involvement of users requires improving their privacy decision-making. This can be achieved by: (i) raising their awareness regarding the direct and indirect privacy risks they accept to take when sharing data with consumers; (ii) helping them in optimizing their privacy protection decisions to meet their privacy requirements while maximizing data utility. In this article, we address the second goal by proposing a user-centric multi-objective approach for context-aware privacy management in connected environments, denoted \u03b4-\n            <jats:italic>\n              <jats:bold>Risk<\/jats:bold>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            . Our approach features a new privacy risk quantification model to dynamically calculate and select the best protection strategies for the user based on her preferences and contexts. Computed strategies are optimal in that they seek to closely satisfy user requirements and preferences while maximizing data utility and minimizing the cost of protection. We implemented our proposed approach and evaluated its performance and effectiveness in various scenarios. The results show that \u03b4-\n            <jats:italic>\n              <jats:bold>Risk<\/jats:bold>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            delivers scalability and low-complexity in time and space. Besides, it handles privacy reasoning in real-time, making it able to support the user in various contexts, including ephemeral ones. It also provides the user with at least one best strategy per context.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3418499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T12:46:47Z","timestamp":1635252407000},"page":"1-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["\u03b4-\n            <i>\n              <b>Risk<\/b>\n            <\/i>\n            : Toward Context-aware Multi-objective Privacy Management in Connected Environments"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3492-8838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karam","family":"Bou-Chaaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite de Pau et des Pays de l\u2019Adour, E2S UPPA, LIUPPA, Anglet, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Chbeir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite de Pau et des Pays de l\u2019Adour, E2S UPPA, LIUPPA, Anglet, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3492-8838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansour Naser","family":"Alraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dhofar University, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Arnould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite de Pau et des Pays de l\u2019Adour, E2S UPPA, LIUPPA,Mont-de-Marsan, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charith","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Barhamgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LIRIS lab, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djamal","family":"Benslimane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LIRIS lab, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1551768.1551773"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2010.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Nicholas Vollmer. 2018. 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