{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T16:10:34Z","timestamp":1782576634023,"version":"3.54.5"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":113,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004801","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1901047, 1763742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1901047, 1763742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3419394.3423626","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T20:30:22Z","timestamp":1603398622000},"page":"680-695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["On Landing and Internal Web Pages"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Waqar","family":"Aqeel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University & M.I.T."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balakrishnan","family":"Chandrasekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Informatik"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Feldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Informatik"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce M.","family":"Maggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Emerald Innovations, & M.I.T."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1879141.1879144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/www.akamai.com\/us\/en\/multimedia\/documents\/brochure\/akamai-10for10-brochure.pdf. (July","author":"Akamai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Akamai. 2015. Akamai \"10For10\". https:\/\/www.akamai.com\/us\/en\/multimedia\/documents\/brochure\/akamai-10for10-brochure.pdf. (July 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","unstructured":"Akamai. 2018. Using Akamai Pragma headers to investigate or troubleshoot Akamai content delivery. https:\/\/community.akamai.com\/customers\/s\/article\/Using-Akamai-Pragma-headers-to-investigate-or-troubleshoot-Akamai-content-delivery. (2018). [Last accessed on May 12 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","unstructured":"Rami Al-Dalky and Michael Rabinovich. 2020. Revisiting Comparative Performance of DNS Resolvers in the IPv6 and ECS Era. (2020). arXiv::s.NI\/2007.00651"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"Alexa---Top sites. https:\/\/www.alexa.com\/topsites. (2019). [Last accessed on","year":"2019","unstructured":"alexa.com. 2019. Alexa---Top sites. https:\/\/www.alexa.com\/topsites. (2019). [Last accessed on November 30, 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/www.alexa.com\/about. (2019). [Last accessed on","author":"About Us Alexa","year":"2019","unstructured":"alexa.com. 2019. Alexa | About Us. https:\/\/www.alexa.com\/about. (2019). [Last accessed on December 13, 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2500098.2500110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3089262.3089264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3355369.3355588"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3131365.3131401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","volume-title":"Untangling Header Bidding Lore: Some myths, some truths, and some hope","author":"Aqeel Waqar","unstructured":"Waqar Aqeel, Debopam Bhattacherjee, Balakrishnan Chandrasekaran, P. Brighten Godfrey, Gregory Laughlin, Bruce Maggs, and Ankit Singla. 2020. Untangling Header Bidding Lore: Some myths, some truths, and some hope. In Passive and Active Measurement, Anna Sperotto, Alberto Dainotti, and Burkhard Stiller (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 280--297."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3278532.3278573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC7540"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"14th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 17)","author":"Berger Daniel S.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Daniel S. Berger, Ramesh K. Sitaraman, and Mor Harchol-Balter. 2017. AdaptSize: Orchestrating the Hot Object Memory Cache in a Content Delivery Network. In 14th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 17). USENIX Association, Boston, MA, 483--498."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3286062.3286079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2940136.2940138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3355369.3355575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54328-4_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","unstructured":"BrightEdge. 2019. BrightEdge Channel Report. https:\/\/www.brightedge.com\/resources\/research-reports\/channel_share. (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Brave Ad Block. https:\/\/github.com\/brave\/ad-block. (2019). [Last accessed on","author":"Browser Brave","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brave Browser. 2019. Brave Ad Block. https:\/\/github.com\/brave\/ad-block. (2019). [Last accessed on January 25, 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","unstructured":"Browser Benchmarks. 2019. JetStream2. https:\/\/browserbench.org\/JetStream\/in-depth.html. (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","unstructured":"Jake Brutlag. 2009. Speed Matters for Google Web Search. http:\/\/goo.gl\/t7qGN8. (June 2009)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","volume-title":"Above the Fold Time: Measuring Web Page Performance Visually. (March","author":"Brutlag Jake","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jake Brutlag, Zoe Abrams, and Pat Meenan. 2011. Above the Fold Time: Measuring Web Page Performance Visually. (March 2011). https:\/\/conferences.oreilly.com\/velocity\/velocity-mar2011\/public\/schedule\/detail\/18692."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","unstructured":"Builtwith. 2020. Google Analytics Usage Statistics. https:\/\/trends.builtwith.com\/analytics\/Google-Analytics. (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2068816.2068846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","volume-title":"12th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 15)","author":"Butkiewicz Michael","year":"2015","unstructured":"Michael Butkiewicz, Daimeng Wang, Zhe Wu, Harsha V. Madhyastha, and Vyas Sekar. 2015. Klotski: Reprioritizing Web Content to Improve User Experience on Mobile Devices. In 12th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 15). USENIX Association, Oakland, CA, 439--453."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","volume-title":"Chrome Page Graph. https:\/\/github.com\/cyrus-and\/chrome-page-graph\/. (2019). [Last accessed on","author":"Cardaci Andrea","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andrea Cardaci. 2019. Chrome Page Graph. https:\/\/github.com\/cyrus-and\/chrome-page-graph\/. (2019). [Last accessed on January 25, 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"Chrome DevTools Protocol. https:\/\/chromedevtools.github.io\/devtools-protocol\/tot\/Network\/. (2020). [Last accessed on","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chrome. 2020. Chrome DevTools Protocol. https:\/\/chromedevtools.github.io\/devtools-protocol\/tot\/Network\/. (2020). [Last accessed on January 25, 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","unstructured":"Chromium Blog. 2015. A QUIC update on Google's experimental transport. https:\/\/blog.chromium.org\/2015\/04\/a-quic-update-on-googles-experimental.html. (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_31_1","volume-title":"Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Trends","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cisco. 2019. Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Trends, 2017-2022 White Paper. https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/solutions\/collateral\/service-provider\/visual-networking-index-vni\/white-paper-c11-741490.html. (February 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_32_1","volume-title":"Cambridge Analytica and Facebook: The Scandal and the Fallout So Far. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/04\/us\/politics\/cambridge-analytica-scandal-fallout.html. (April","author":"Confessore Nicholas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nicholas Confessore. 2018. Cambridge Analytica and Facebook: The Scandal and the Fallout So Far. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/04\/us\/politics\/cambridge-analytica-scandal-fallout.html. (April 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_33_1","unstructured":"Bennet Cyphers and Gennie Gebhart. 2019. Behind the One-Way Mirror: A Deep Dive Into the Technology of Corporate Surveillance. Technical Report. Electronic Frontier Foundation."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_34_1","volume-title":"Vassilis Christophides, Renata Teixeira, and Dario Rossi.","author":"da Hora Diego Neves","year":"2018","unstructured":"Diego Neves da Hora, Alemnew Sheferaw Asrese, Vassilis Christophides, Renata Teixeira, and Dario Rossi. 2018. Narrowing the Gap Between QoS Metrics and Web QoE Using Above-the-fold Metrics. In Passive and Active Measurement, Robert Beverly, Georgios Smaragdakis, and Anja Feldmann (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 31--43."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Internet Measurement Conference (IMC '13)","author":"Durumeric Zakir","unstructured":"Zakir Durumeric, James Kasten, Michael Bailey, and J. Alex Halderman. 2013. Analysis of the HTTPS Certificate Ecosystem. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Internet Measurement Conference (IMC '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 291--304."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_36_1","volume-title":"Presented as part of the 22nd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 13). USENIX, Washington, D.C., 605--620.","author":"Durumeric Zakir","unstructured":"Zakir Durumeric, Eric Wustrow, and J. Alex Halderman. 2013. ZMap: Fast Internet-wide Scanning and Its Security Applications. In Presented as part of the 22nd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 13). USENIX, Washington, D.C., 605--620."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_37_1","volume-title":"Easylist filter list project. https:\/\/easylist.to. (August","year":"2019","unstructured":"EasyList. 2019. Easylist filter list project. https:\/\/easylist.to. (August 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_38_1","volume-title":"Web Performance Pitfalls","author":"Enghardt Theresa","unstructured":"Theresa Enghardt, Thomas Zinner, and Anja Feldmann. 2019. Web Performance Pitfalls. In Passive and Active Measurement, David Choffnes and Marinho Barcellos (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 286--303."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_39_1","volume-title":"Understanding cache HIT and MISS headers with shielded services. https:\/\/docs.fastly.com\/en\/guides\/understanding-cache-hit-and-miss-headers-with-shielded-services. (2019). [Last accessed on May12","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fastly. 2019. Understanding cache HIT and MISS headers with shielded services. https:\/\/docs.fastly.com\/en\/guides\/understanding-cache-hit-and-miss-headers-with-shielded-services. (2019). [Last accessed on May12, 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_40_1","volume-title":"Measuring HTTPS Adoption on the Web. In 26th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 17)","author":"Felt Adrienne Porter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adrienne Porter Felt, Richard Barnes, April King, Chris Palmer, Chris Bentzel, and Parisa Tabriz. 2017. Measuring HTTPS Adoption on the Web. In 26th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 17). USENIX Association, Vancouver, BC, 1323--1338."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_41_1","volume-title":"Inbound marketing and SEO: Insights from the Moz Blog","author":"Fishkin Rand","unstructured":"Rand Fishkin and Thomas H\u00f8genhaven. 2013. Inbound marketing and SEO: Insights from the Moz Blog. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliver Gasser Benjamin Hof Max Helm Maciej Korczy\u0144ski Ralph Holz and Georg Carle. 2018. In Log We Trust: Revealing Poor Security Practices with Certificate Transparency Logs and Internet Measurements. In Passive and Active Network Measurement: 19th International Conference PAM 2018 Berlin Germany March 26-27 2018. Proceedings Robert Beverly Georgios Smaragdakis and Anja Feldmann (Eds.). Springer International Publishing Cham 173--18.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-76481-8_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/197754.195680"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_44_1","unstructured":"Google. 2019. About PageSpeed Insights. https:\/\/developers.google.com\/speed\/docs\/insights\/v5\/about. (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_45_1","unstructured":"Google. 2019. Chrome User Experience Report. https:\/\/developers.google.com\/web\/tools\/chrome-user-experience-report. (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_46_1","unstructured":"Google. 2019. Speed Index. https:\/\/web.dev\/speed-index\/. (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_47_1","volume-title":"Google Custom Search. https:\/\/developers.google.com\/custom-search\/docs\/overview. (2020). [Last accessed on","year":"2020","unstructured":"Google. 2020. Google Custom Search. https:\/\/developers.google.com\/custom-search\/docs\/overview. (2020). [Last accessed on April 26, 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_48_1","unstructured":"Google. 2020. HTTPS encryption on the web. https:\/\/transparencyreport.google.com\/https\/overview. (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_49_1","volume-title":"Performance Benefits. https:\/\/developers.google.com\/speed\/public-dns\/docs\/performance. (October","author":"Google Public DNS.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Google Public DNS. 2019. Performance Benefits. https:\/\/developers.google.com\/speed\/public-dns\/docs\/performance. (October 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_50_1","volume-title":"Hispar list tools and archives. https:\/\/hispar.cs.duke.edu\/.","author":"Project Hispar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hispar Project. 2020. Pagetypes data set, Hispar list tools and archives. https:\/\/hispar.cs.duke.edu\/. (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC6797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_52_1","volume-title":"Hoffman and Patrick McManus","author":"Paul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paul E. Hoffman and Patrick McManus. 2018. DNS Queries over HTTPS (DoH). RFC 8484. (Oct. 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_53_1","volume-title":"State of JavaScript. https:\/\/httparchive.org\/reports\/state-of-javascript#bytesJs. (2019). [Last accessed on","author":"Archive HTTP","year":"2019","unstructured":"HTTP Archive. 2019. State of JavaScript. https:\/\/httparchive.org\/reports\/state-of-javascript#bytesJs. (2019). [Last accessed on December 5, 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_54_1","volume-title":"Cisco Umbrella 1 Million. https:\/\/umbrella.cisco.com\/blog\/2016\/12\/14\/cisco-umbrella-1-million\/. (December","author":"Hubbard Dan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dan Hubbard. 2016. Cisco Umbrella 1 Million. https:\/\/umbrella.cisco.com\/blog\/2016\/12\/14\/cisco-umbrella-1-million\/. (December 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_55_1","volume-title":"The Chain of Implicit Trust: An Analysis of the Web Third-Party Resources Loading. In The World Wide Web Conference (WWW '19)","author":"Ikram Muhammad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muhammad Ikram, Rahat Masood, Gareth Tyson, Mohamed Ali Kaafar, Noha Loizon, and Roya Ensafi. 2019. The Chain of Implicit Trust: An Analysis of the Web Third-Party Resources Loading. In The World Wide Web Conference (WWW '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2851--2857."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_56_1","volume-title":"Wayback Machine. https:\/\/archive.org. (2019). [Last accessed on","author":"Archive Internet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Internet Archive. 2019. Wayback Machine. https:\/\/archive.org. (2019). [Last accessed on December 5, 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_57_1","unstructured":"Erica Jostedt. 2010. Release the Kraken. https:\/\/blog.mozilla.org\/blog\/2010\/09\/14\/release-the-kraken-2\/. (2010)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_58_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 Internet Measurement Conference (IMC 16)","author":"Andrew","unstructured":"Andrew J. Kaizer and Minaxi Gupta. 2016. Characterizing Website Behaviors Across Logged-in and Not-Logged-in Users. In Proceedings of the 2016 Internet Measurement Conference (IMC 16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 111--117."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_59_1","volume-title":"Improving User Perceived Page Load Times Using Gaze. In 14th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 17)","author":"Kelton Conor","unstructured":"Conor Kelton, Jihoon Ryoo, Aruna Balasubramanian, and Samir R. Das. 2017. Improving User Perceived Page Load Times Using Gaze. In 14th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 17). USENIX Association, Boston, MA, 545--559."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_60_1","unstructured":"Martijn Koster. 1994. A Standard for Robot Exclusion. https:\/\/www.robotstxt.org\/orig.html. (1994)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_61_1","volume-title":"Upgrading HTTPS in Mid-Air: An Empirical Study of Strict Transport Security and Key Pinning. (February","author":"Kranch Michael","year":"2015","unstructured":"Michael Kranch and Joseph Bonneau. 2015. Upgrading HTTPS in Mid-Air: An Empirical Study of Strict Transport Security and Key Pinning. (February 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3038912.3052686"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3098822.3098842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben Laurie Adam Langley and Emilia Kasper. 2013. Certificate Transparency. RFC 6962. (June 2013).","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc6962"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_65_1","volume-title":"25th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 16)","author":"Lerner Adam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adam Lerner, Anna Kornfeld Simpson, Tadayoshi Kohno, and Franziska Roesner. 2016. Internet Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Trackers: An Archaeological Study of Web Tracking from 1996 to 2016. In 25th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 16). USENIX Association, Austin, TX, 997--1014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_66_1","volume-title":"WebProphet: Automating Performance Prediction for Web Services. In 7th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 10)","author":"Li Zhichun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhichun Li, Ming Zhang, Zhaosheng Zhu, Yan Chen, Albert Greenberg, and Yi-Min Wang. 2010. WebProphet: Automating Performance Prediction for Web Services. In 7th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 10). USENIX Association, San Jose, CA, 143--158."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_67_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"How Reliable are Website Rankings? Implications for E-Business Advertising and Search","author":"Lo Bruce W.N.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bruce W.N. Lo and Rosy Sharma Sedhain. 2006. How Reliable are Website Rankings? Implications for E-Business Advertising and Search. Issues in Information Systems VII, 2 (2006), 233--238.","journal-title":"Issues in Information Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_68_1","volume-title":"Majestic Help Centre --- Frequently Asked Questions. https:\/\/majestic.com\/help\/faq. (2019). [Last accessed on","year":"2019","unstructured":"majestic.com. 2019. Majestic Help Centre --- Frequently Asked Questions. https:\/\/majestic.com\/help\/faq. (2019). [Last accessed on November 30, 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_69_1","volume-title":"The Majestic Million. https:\/\/majestic.com\/reports\/majestic-million. (2019). [Last accessed on","year":"2019","unstructured":"majestic.com. 2019. The Majestic Million. https:\/\/majestic.com\/reports\/majestic-million. (2019). [Last accessed on November 30, 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_70_1","volume-title":"Minimizing Answer Defects. https:\/\/blogs.bing.com\/search-quality-insights\/2012\/08\/20\/minimizing-answer-defects. (2012). [Last accessed on","author":"McDonald Kieran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kieran McDonald. 2012. Minimizing Answer Defects. https:\/\/blogs.bing.com\/search-quality-insights\/2012\/08\/20\/minimizing-answer-defects. (2012). [Last accessed on January 25, 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_71_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Glossary\/cacheable. (March","author":"Cacheable MDN","year":"2019","unstructured":"MDN web docs. 2019. Cacheable. https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Glossary\/cacheable. (March 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_72_1","volume-title":"Bing Web Search. https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/services\/cognitive-services\/bing-web-search-api\/. (2019). [Last accessed on","author":"Azure Microsoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Microsoft Azure. 2019. Bing Web Search. https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/services\/cognitive-services\/bing-web-search-api\/. (2019). [Last accessed on December 5, 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3355369.3355568"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_74_1","unstructured":"Mozilla. 2017. Telemetry. https:\/\/wiki.mozilla.org\/Telemetry. (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_75_1","volume-title":"Content blocking. https:\/\/support.mozilla.org\/en-US\/kb\/content-blocking. (2019). [Last accessed on","author":"Firefox Mozilla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mozilla Firefox. 2019. Content blocking. https:\/\/support.mozilla.org\/en-US\/kb\/content-blocking. (2019). [Last accessed on October 16, 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_76_1","volume-title":"Polaris: Faster Page Loads Using Fine-grained Dependency Tracking. In 13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 16)","author":"Netravali Ravi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ravi Netravali, Ameesh Goyal, James Mickens, and Hari Balakrishnan. 2016. Polaris: Faster Page Loads Using Fine-grained Dependency Tracking. In 13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 16). USENIX Association, Santa Clara, CA, 123--136."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_77_1","volume-title":"Vesper: Measuring Time-to-Interactivity for Web Pages. In 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 18)","author":"Netravali Ravi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ravi Netravali, Vikram Nathan, James Mickens, and Hari Balakrishnan. 2018. Vesper: Measuring Time-to-Interactivity for Web Pages. In 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 18). USENIX Association, Renton, WA, 217--231."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2382196.2382274"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC8615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_80_1","volume-title":"Prefetch And Priorities in Chrome. https:\/\/medium.com\/reloading\/preload-prefetch-and-priorities-in-chrome-776165961bbf. R@(2017). [Last accessed on","author":"Osmani Addy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Addy Osmani. 2017. Preload, Prefetch And Priorities in Chrome. https:\/\/medium.com\/reloading\/preload-prefetch-and-priorities-in-chrome-776165961bbf. R@(2017). [Last accessed on January 25, 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3355369.3355582"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_82_1","unstructured":"Muhammad Talha Paracha Balakrishnan Chandrasekaran David Choffnes and Dave Levin. 2020. A Deeper Look at Web Content Availability and Consistency over HTTP\/S. (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1028788.1028824"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_84_1","volume-title":"Samaneh Tajalizadehkhoob, Maciej Korczy\u0144ski, and Wouter Joosen.","author":"Pochat Victor Le","year":"2019","unstructured":"Victor Le Pochat, Tom Van Goethem, Samaneh Tajalizadehkhoob, Maciej Korczy\u0144ski, and Wouter Joosen. 2019. Tranco: A Research-Oriented Top Sites Ranking Hardened Against Manipulation. (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-5931-2_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2896377.2901472"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_87_1","volume-title":"The World's largest Audience Behavior Platform for the Open Internet. https:\/\/www.quantcast.com\/about-us\/. (2020). Last accessed on","year":"2020","unstructured":"Quantcast. 2020. The World's largest Audience Behavior Platform for the Open Internet. https:\/\/www.quantcast.com\/about-us\/. (2020). Last accessed on January 4, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_88_1","volume-title":"Quantcast---Top sites. https:\/\/www.quantcast.com\/top-sites\/. (2019). [Last accessed on","year":"2019","unstructured":"quantcast.com. 2019. Quantcast---Top sites. https:\/\/www.quantcast.com\/top-sites\/. (2019). [Last accessed on November 30, 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_89_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"TCP Fast Open. In Proceedings of the Seventh COnference on emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies (CoNEXT '11). ACM, New York","volume":"21","author":"Radhakrishnan Sivasankar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sivasankar Radhakrishnan, Yuchung Cheng, Jerry Chu, Arvind Jain, and Barath Raghavan. 2011. TCP Fast Open. In Proceedings of the Seventh COnference on emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies (CoNEXT '11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 21:1--21:12.","journal-title":"NY, USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC8446"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_91_1","unstructured":"Ian Rogers. 2002. Understanding Google Page Rank. http:\/\/ianrogers.uk\/google-page-rank\/. (Aug. 2002)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_92_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM '17)","author":"Ruamviboonsuk Vaspol","unstructured":"Vaspol Ruamviboonsuk, Ravi Netravali, Muhammed Uluyol, and Harsha V. Madhyastha. 2017. Vroom: Accelerating the Mobile Web with Server-Aided Dependency Resolution. In Proceedings of the Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 390--403."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3278532.3278574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2785956.2787502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2670518.2673876"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_96_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Overlay Networks: An Akamai Perspective. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA","volume":"16","author":"Sitaraman Ramesh K.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramesh K. Sitaraman, Mangesh Kasbekar, Woody Lichtenstein, and Manish Jain. 2014. Overlay Networks: An Akamai Perspective. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA, Chapter 16, 305--328.","journal-title":"Chapter"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_97_1","volume-title":"How the Web Tangled Itself: Uncovering the History of Client-Side Web (In)Security. In 26th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 17)","author":"Stock Ben","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ben Stock, Martin Johns, Marius Steffens, and Michael Backes. 2017. How the Web Tangled Itself: Uncovering the History of Client-Side Web (In)Security. In 26th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 17). USENIX Association, Vancouver, BC, 971--987."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_98_1","unstructured":"The Web Standards Project. 2008. Acid3 Browser Test. https:\/\/www.webstandards.org\/action\/acid3\/. (2008)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_99_1","volume-title":"cdnfinder. https:\/\/github.com\/turbobytes\/cdnfinder. (2019). [Last accessed on","year":"2019","unstructured":"TurboBytes. 2019. cdnfinder. https:\/\/github.com\/turbobytes\/cdnfinder. (2019). [Last accessed on December 5, 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_100_1","volume-title":"Umbrella Popularity List---Top Million Domains. https:\/\/docs.umbrella.com\/investigate-api\/docs\/top-million-domains. (2019). [Last accessed on","year":"2019","unstructured":"umbrella.com. 2019. Umbrella Popularity List---Top Million Domains. https:\/\/docs.umbrella.com\/investigate-api\/docs\/top-million-domains. (2019). [Last accessed on November 30, 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3366423.3380203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_102_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 Internet Measurement Conference (IMC '16)","author":"VanderSloot Benjamin","unstructured":"Benjamin VanderSloot, Johanna Amann, Matthew Bernhard, Zakir Durumeric, Michael Bailey, and J. Alex Halderman. 2016. Towards a Complete View of the Certificate Ecosystem. In Proceedings of the 2016 Internet Measurement Conference (IMC '16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 543--549."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_103_1","volume-title":"2016 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 16)","author":"Vesuna Jamshed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jamshed Vesuna, Colin Scott, Michael Buettner, Michael Piatek, Arvind Krishnamurthy, and Scott Shenker. 2016. Caching Doesn't Improve Mobile Web Performance (Much). In 2016 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 16). USENIX Association, Denver, CO, 159--165."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_104_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/w3c.github.io\/web-performance\/specs\/HAR\/Overview.html. (August","author":"C.","year":"2012","unstructured":"W3C. 2012. HTTP Archive (HAR) format. https:\/\/w3c.github.io\/web-performance\/specs\/HAR\/Overview.html. (August 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_105_1","volume-title":"Navigation Timing. https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/navigation-timing\/. (December","author":"C.","year":"2012","unstructured":"W3C. 2012. Navigation Timing. https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/navigation-timing\/. (December 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_106_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/wiki\/WebIntents\/MIME_Types. (September","author":"Types C.","year":"2012","unstructured":"W3C. 2012. WebIntents\/MIME Types. https:\/\/www.w3.org\/wiki\/WebIntents\/MIME_Types. (September 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_107_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/resource-hints\/. (December","author":"Resource Hints C.","year":"2019","unstructured":"W3C. 2019. Resource Hints. https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/resource-hints\/. (December 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_108_1","first-page":"473","article-title":"Demystifying Page Load Performance with WProf. In Presented as part of the 10th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 13). USENIX","author":"Wang Xiao Sophia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiao Sophia Wang, Aruna Balasubramanian, Arvind Krishnamurthy, and David Wetherall. 2013. Demystifying Page Load Performance with WProf. In Presented as part of the 10th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 13). USENIX, Lombard, IL, 473--485.","journal-title":"Lombard"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_109_1","volume-title":"13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 16)","author":"Wang Xiao Sophia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xiao Sophia Wang, Arvind Krishnamurthy, and David Wetherall. 2016. Speeding up Web Page Loads with Shandian. In 13th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 16). USENIX Association, Santa Clara, CA, 109--122."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_110_1","volume-title":"Speed Index - WebPagetest Documentation. https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/webpagetest.org\/docs\/using-webpagetest\/metrics\/speed-index. (2012). [Last accessed on","year":"2019","unstructured":"WebPagetest. 2012. Speed Index - WebPagetest Documentation. https:\/\/sites.google.com\/a\/webpagetest.org\/docs\/using-webpagetest\/metrics\/speed-index. (2012). [Last accessed on December 4, 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3178876.3186181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3340301.3341123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1526709.1526838"}],"event":{"name":"IMC '20: ACM Internet Measurement Conference","location":"Virtual Event USA","acronym":"IMC '20","sponsor":["SIGCOMM ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication","SIGMETRICS ACM Special Interest Group on Measurement and Evaluation"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM Internet Measurement Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3419394.3423626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3419394.3423626","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T23:37:42Z","timestamp":1765841862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3419394.3423626"}},"subtitle":["The Strange Case of Jekyll and Hyde in Web Performance Measurement"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"references-count":113,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3419394.3423626","10.1145\/3419394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3419394.3423626","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}