{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:50:16Z","timestamp":1777917016554,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":27,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3419394.3423636","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T20:30:22Z","timestamp":1603398622000},"page":"551-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Turning Up the Dial"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Anh V.","family":"Vu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Cybercrime Centre, Department of Computer Science & Technology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, UK"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Cybercrime Centre, Department of Computer Science & Technology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, UK"}]},{"given":"Ildiko","family":"Pete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Cybercrime Centre, Department of Computer Science & Technology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, UK"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Cybercrime Centre, Department of Computer Science & Technology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, UK"}]},{"given":"Yi Ting","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Cybercrime Centre, Department of Computer Science & Technology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, UK"}]},{"given":"Ilia","family":"Shumailov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Cybercrime Centre, Department of Computer Science & Technology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, UK"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Hutchings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Cybercrime Centre, Department of Computer Science & Technology University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FD, UK"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Honor among thieves: A common's analysis of cybercrime economies. In 2013 APWG eCrime Researchers Summit","author":"Afroz Sadia","unstructured":"Sadia Afroz, Vaibhav Garg, Damon McCoy, and Rachel Greenstadt. 2013. Honor among thieves: A common's analysis of cybercrime economies. In 2013 APWG eCrime Researchers Summit. IEEE, New York, 1--11."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2015.2397395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Mapping the Underground: Supervised Discovery of Cybercrime Supply Chains. In 2019 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (eCrime). IEEE","author":"Bhalerao Rasika","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rasika Bhalerao, Maxwell Aliapoulios, Ilia Shumailov, Sadia Afroz, and Damon McCoy. 2019. Mapping the Underground: Supervised Discovery of Cybercrime Supply Chains. In 2019 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (eCrime). IEEE, New York, 1--16."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"British Society of Criminology. 2015. Statement of ethics. http:\/\/www.britsoccrim.org\/ethics\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40163-018-0094-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2488388.2488408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/sj.2013.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/30036519"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439312452998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786011003634415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Examining signals of trust in criminal markets online","volume":"2","author":"Holt Thomas J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thomas J Holt, Olga Smirnova, and Alice Hutchings. 2016. Examining signals of trust in criminal markets online. Journal of Cybersecurity 2, 2 (2016), 137--145.","journal-title":"Journal of Cybersecurity"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04444-1_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1352793.1352837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Latent Structure Analysis","author":"Lazarsfeld Paul Felix","unstructured":"Paul Felix Lazarsfeld and Neil W Henry. 1968. Latent Structure Analysis. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference. ACM","author":"Motoyama Marti","unstructured":"Marti Motoyama, Damon McCoy, Kirill Levchenko, Stefan Savage, and Geoffrey M. Voelker. 2011. An Analysis of Underground Forums. In Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference. ACM, New York, 71--80."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764217734266"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3355369.3355597"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3178876.3186178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1288216.1288221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Data breaches: What the underground world of carding reveals. Santa Clara Computer & High Tech","volume":"25","author":"Peretti Kimberly Kiefer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kimberly Kiefer Peretti. 2008. Data breaches: What the underground world of carding reveals. Santa Clara Computer & High Tech. Law Journal 25 (2008), 375.","journal-title":"Law Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3038912.3052600"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3292006.3300036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0022100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3366423.3380162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. 2020. WHO COVID-19 timeline. https:\/\/who.int\/news-room\/detail\/29-06-2020-covidtimeline"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10439463.2013.780227"}],"event":{"name":"IMC '20: ACM Internet Measurement Conference","location":"Virtual Event USA","acronym":"IMC '20","sponsor":["SIGCOMM ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication","SIGMETRICS ACM Special Interest Group on Measurement and Evaluation"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM Internet Measurement Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3419394.3423636","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3419394.3423636","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T23:38:39Z","timestamp":1765841919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3419394.3423636"}},"subtitle":["the Evolution of a Cybercrime Market Through Set-up, Stable, and Covid-19 Eras"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3419394.3423636","10.1145\/3419394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3419394.3423636","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}