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Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Increasingly complex and autonomous systems require machine ethics to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks to society arising from the new technology. It is challenging to decide which type of ethical theory to employ and how to implement it effectively. This survey provides a threefold contribution. First, it introduces a trimorphic taxonomy to analyze machine ethics implementations with respect to their object (ethical theories), as well as their nontechnical and technical aspects. Second, an exhaustive selection and description of relevant works is presented. Third, applying the new taxonomy to the selected works, dominant research patterns, and lessons for the field are identified, and future directions for research are suggested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3419633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T13:14:10Z","timestamp":1609334050000},"page":"1-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Implementations in Machine Ethics"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Tolmeijer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kneer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Z\u00fcrich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Sarasua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Christen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop: AI, Ethics, and Society","volume":"16","author":"Abel David","unstructured":"David Abel , James MacGlashan , and Michael L. 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