{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T17:06:27Z","timestamp":1781283987245,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":37,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3423211.3425676","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T23:03:11Z","timestamp":1607727791000},"page":"119-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["BoLT"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Dongui","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing, SungKyunKwan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanyeol","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing, SungKyunKwan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing, SungKyunKwan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beomseok","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computing, SungKyunKwan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"HBase. https:\/\/hbase.apache.org\/.  HBase. https:\/\/hbase.apache.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"HyperLevelDB Performance Benchmarks. http:\/\/hyperdex.org\/performance\/leveldb\/.  HyperLevelDB Performance Benchmarks. http:\/\/hyperdex.org\/performance\/leveldb\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Kyoto Cabinet: a straightforward implementation of DBM. http:\/\/fallabs.com\/kyotocabinet\/.  Kyoto Cabinet: a straightforward implementation of DBM. http:\/\/fallabs.com\/kyotocabinet\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Leveldb. https:\/\/github.com\/google\/leveldb.  Leveldb. https:\/\/github.com\/google\/leveldb."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Oracle Berkeley DB. https:\/\/www.oracle.com\/technetwork\/database\/database-technologies\/berkeleydb\/overview\/index.html.  Oracle Berkeley DB. https:\/\/www.oracle.com\/technetwork\/database\/database-technologies\/berkeleydb\/overview\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"RocksDB. https:\/\/rocksdb.org\/.  RocksDB. https:\/\/rocksdb.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2757807.2757810"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, NSDI'09","author":"Badam Anirudh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anirudh Badam , KyoungSoo Park , Vivek S. Pai , and Larry L. Peterson . HashCache: Cache storage for the next billion . In Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, NSDI'09 , pages 123 -- 136 , 2009 . Anirudh Badam, KyoungSoo Park, Vivek S. Pai, and Larry L. Peterson. HashCache: Cache storage for the next billion. In Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, NSDI'09, pages 123--136, 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Disk and Log in Log Structured Key-Value Stores. In Proceedings of the 2017 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC)","author":"Balmau Oana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oana Balmau , Diego Didona , Rachid Guerraoui , Willy Zwaenepoel , Huapeng Yuan , Aashray Arora , Karan Gupta , and Pavan Konka . TRIAD : Creating Synergies Between Memory , Disk and Log in Log Structured Key-Value Stores. In Proceedings of the 2017 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC) , 2017 . Oana Balmau, Diego Didona, Rachid Guerraoui, Willy Zwaenepoel, Huapeng Yuan, Aashray Arora, Karan Gupta, and Pavan Konka. TRIAD: Creating Synergies Between Memory, Disk and Log in Log Structured Key-Value Stores. In Proceedings of the 2017 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC), 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","first-page":"753","volume-title":"2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC)","author":"Balmau Oana","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oana Balmau , Florin Dinu , Willy Zwaenepoel , Karan Gupta , Ravishankar Chandhiramoorthi , and Diego Didona . SILK : Preventing latency spikes in log-structured merge key-value stores . In 2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC) , pages 753 -- 766 , July 2019 . Oana Balmau, Florin Dinu, Willy Zwaenepoel, Karan Gupta, Ravishankar Chandhiramoorthi, and Diego Didona. SILK: Preventing latency spikes in log-structured merge key-value stores. In 2019 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC), pages 753--766, July 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Igor Zablotchi. FloDB: Unlocking Memory in Persistent Key-Value Stores. In Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys)","author":"Balmau Oana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oana Balmau , Rachid Guerraoui , Vasileios Trigonakis , and Igor Zablotchi. FloDB: Unlocking Memory in Persistent Key-Value Stores. In Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys) , 2017 . Oana Balmau, Rachid Guerraoui, Vasileios Trigonakis, and Igor Zablotchi. FloDB: Unlocking Memory in Persistent Key-Value Stores. In Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys), 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC)","author":"Chan Helen H. W.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Helen H. W. Chan , Yongkun Li , Patrick P. C. Lee , and Yinlong Xu. HashKV : Enabling Efficient Updates in KV Storage via Hashing . In Proceedings of the 2018 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC) , 2018 . Helen H. W. Chan, Yongkun Li, Patrick P. C. Lee, and Yinlong Xu. HashKV: Enabling Efficient Updates in KV Storage via Hashing. In Proceedings of the 2018 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC), 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI)","author":"Chang Fay","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fay Chang , Jeffrey Dean , Sanjay Ghemawat , Wilson C. Hsieh , Deborah A. Wallach , Mike Burrows , Tushar Chandra , Andrew Fikes , and Robert E. Gruber . Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data . In Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI) , 2006 . Fay Chang, Jeffrey Dean, Sanjay Ghemawat, Wilson C. Hsieh, Deborah A. Wallach, Mike Burrows, Tushar Chandra, Andrew Fikes, and Robert E. Gruber. Bigtable: A Distributed Storage System for Structured Data. In Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI), 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Russell Sears. Benchmarking Cloud Serving Systems with YCSB. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SoCC)","author":"Cooper Brian F.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brian F. Cooper , Adam Silberstein , Erwin Tam , Raghu Ramakrishnan , and Russell Sears. Benchmarking Cloud Serving Systems with YCSB. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SoCC) , 2010 . Brian F. Cooper, Adam Silberstein, Erwin Tam, Raghu Ramakrishnan, and Russell Sears. Benchmarking Cloud Serving Systems with YCSB. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SoCC), 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3276980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1989323.1989327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGOPS Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP).","author":"DeCandia Giuseppe","unstructured":"Giuseppe DeCandia , Deniz Hastorun , Madan Jampani , Gunavardhan Kakulapati , Avinash Lakshman , Alex Pilchin , Swaminathan Sivasubramanian , Peter Vosshall , and Werner Vogels . Dynamo : Amazon's Highly Available Key-value Store . In Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGOPS Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP). Giuseppe DeCandia, Deniz Hastorun, Madan Jampani, Gunavardhan Kakulapati, Avinash Lakshman, Alex Pilchin, Swaminathan Sivasubramanian, Peter Vosshall, and Werner Vogels. Dynamo: Amazon's Highly Available Key-value Store. In Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGOPS Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Paul Dix. Benchmarking LevelDB vs. RocksDB vs. HyperLevelDB vs. LMDB Performance for InfluxDB. https:\/\/www.influxdata.com\/blog\/benchmarking-leveldb-vs-rocksdb-vs-hyperleveldb-vs-lmdb-performance-for-influxdb\/.  Paul Dix. Benchmarking LevelDB vs. RocksDB vs. HyperLevelDB vs. LMDB Performance for InfluxDB. https:\/\/www.influxdata.com\/blog\/benchmarking-leveldb-vs-rocksdb-vs-hyperleveldb-vs-lmdb-performance-for-influxdb\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Tenth European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys)","author":"Golan-Gueta Guy","unstructured":"Guy Golan-Gueta , Edward Bortnikov , Eshcar Hillel , and Idit Keidar . Scaling concurrent log-structured data stores . In Proceedings of the Tenth European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys) , page 32 . ACM, 2015. Guy Golan-Gueta, Edward Bortnikov, Eshcar Hillel, and Idit Keidar. Scaling concurrent log-structured data stores. In Proceedings of the Tenth European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys), page 32. ACM, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3064176.3064187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th Usenix Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST). USENIX Association","author":"Kaiyrakhmet Olzhas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olzhas Kaiyrakhmet , Songyi Lee , Beomseok Nam , Sam H. Noh , and Young ri Choi . SLM-DB : Single-level key-value store with persistent memory . In Proceedings of the 17th Usenix Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST). USENIX Association , 2019 . Olzhas Kaiyrakhmet, Songyi Lee, Beomseok Nam, Sam H. Noh, and Young ri Choi. SLM-DB: Single-level key-value store with persistent memory. In Proceedings of the 17th Usenix Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST). USENIX Association, 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Remzi Arpaci-Dusseau. Redesigning LSMs for Nonvolatile Memory with NoveLSM. In Proceedings of the 2018 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC)","author":"Kannan Sudarsun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sudarsun Kannan , Nitish Bhat , Ada Gavrilovska , Andrea Arpaci-Dusseau , and Remzi Arpaci-Dusseau. Redesigning LSMs for Nonvolatile Memory with NoveLSM. In Proceedings of the 2018 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC) , 2018 . Sudarsun Kannan, Nitish Bhat, Ada Gavrilovska, Andrea Arpaci-Dusseau, and Remzi Arpaci-Dusseau. Redesigning LSMs for Nonvolatile Memory with NoveLSM. In Proceedings of the 2018 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC), 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1773912.1773922"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2043556.2043558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th Usenix Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST)","author":"Lu Lanyue","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lanyue Lu , Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana Pillai , Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau , and Remzi H . Arpaci-Dusseau. WiscKey: Separating Keys from Values in SSD-conscious Storage . In Proceedings of the 14th Usenix Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST) , 2016 . Lanyue Lu, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana Pillai, Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau, and Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau. WiscKey: Separating Keys from Values in SSD-conscious Storage. In Proceedings of the 14th Usenix Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST), 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"FTL-aware Key-Value Store. In Proceedings of the 2015 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC)","author":"Marmol Leonardo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leonardo Marmol , Swaminathan Sundararaman , Nisha Talagala , and Raju Rangaswami . NVMKV : A Scalable, Lightweight , FTL-aware Key-Value Store. In Proceedings of the 2015 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC) , 2015 . Leonardo Marmol, Swaminathan Sundararaman, Nisha Talagala, and Raju Rangaswami. NVMKV: A Scalable, Lightweight, FTL-aware Key-Value Store. In Proceedings of the 2015 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC), 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Lei Tian Tintri. LSM-tree Managed Storage for Large-scale Key-value Store. In Proceedings of the 2017 Symposium on Cloud Computing (SoCC)","author":"Mei Fei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fei Mei , Qiang Cao , Hong Jiang , and Lei Tian Tintri. LSM-tree Managed Storage for Large-scale Key-value Store. In Proceedings of the 2017 Symposium on Cloud Computing (SoCC) , 2017 . Fei Mei, Qiang Cao, Hong Jiang, and Lei Tian Tintri. LSM-tree Managed Storage for Large-scale Key-value Store. In Proceedings of the 2017 Symposium on Cloud Computing (SoCC), 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1236360.1236412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002360050048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Ittai Abraham. PebblesDB: Building Key-Value Stores Using Fragmented Log-Structured Merge Trees. In Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP)","author":"Raju Pandian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pandian Raju , Rohan Kadekodi , Vijay Chidambaram , and Ittai Abraham. PebblesDB: Building Key-Value Stores Using Fragmented Log-Structured Merge Trees. In Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP) , 2017 . Pandian Raju, Rohan Kadekodi, Vijay Chidambaram, and Ittai Abraham. PebblesDB: Building Key-Value Stores Using Fragmented Log-Structured Merge Trees. In Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP), 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/3151106.3151108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2213836.2213862"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Erez Zadok. Building Workload-Independent Storage with VT-Trees. In Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST)","author":"Shetty Pradeep J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pradeep J. Shetty , Richard P. Spillane , Ravikant R. Malpani , Binesh Andrews , Justin Seyster , and Erez Zadok. Building Workload-Independent Storage with VT-Trees. In Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST) , 2013 . Pradeep J. Shetty, Richard P. Spillane, Ravikant R. Malpani, Binesh Andrews, Justin Seyster, and Erez Zadok. Building Workload-Independent Storage with VT-Trees. In Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST), 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE48307.2020.00113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","first-page":"211","volume-title":"16th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST 18)","author":"Won Youjip","year":"2018","unstructured":"Youjip Won , Jaemin Jung , Gyeongyeol Choi , Joontaek Oh , Seongbae Son , Jooyoung Hwang , and Sangyeun Cho . Barrier-enabled IO stack for flash storage . In 16th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST 18) , pages 211 -- 226 , Oakland, CA , February 2018 . USENIX Association. Youjip Won, Jaemin Jung, Gyeongyeol Choi, Joontaek Oh, Seongbae Son, Jooyoung Hwang, and Sangyeun Cho. Barrier-enabled IO stack for flash storage. In 16th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST 18), pages 211--226, Oakland, CA, February 2018. USENIX Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Song Jiang. LSM-trie: An LSM-tree-based Ultra-large Key-value Store for Small Data. In Proceedings of the 2015 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC)","author":"Wu Xingbo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xingbo Wu , Yuehai Xu , Zili Shao , and Song Jiang. LSM-trie: An LSM-tree-based Ultra-large Key-value Store for Small Data. In Proceedings of the 2015 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC) , 2015 . Xingbo Wu, Yuehai Xu, Zili Shao, and Song Jiang. LSM-trie: An LSM-tree-based Ultra-large Key-value Store for Small Data. In Proceedings of the 2015 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC), 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Conference on USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST)","author":"Zeinalipour-Yazti Demetrios","year":"2005","unstructured":"Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti , Song Lin , Vana Kalogeraki , Dimitrios Gunopulos , and Walid A. Najjar . Microhash: An efficient index structure for flash-based sensor devices . In Proceedings of the 4th Conference on USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST) , 2005 . Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti, Song Lin, Vana Kalogeraki, Dimitrios Gunopulos, and Walid A. Najjar. Microhash: An efficient index structure for flash-based sensor devices. In Proceedings of the 4th Conference on USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies (FAST), 2005."}],"event":{"name":"Middleware '20: 21st International Middleware Conference","location":"Delft Netherlands","acronym":"Middleware '20","sponsor":["ACM Association for Computing Machinery","IFIP"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 21st International Middleware Conference"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3423211.3425676","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3423211.3425676","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:24:57Z","timestamp":1750195497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3423211.3425676"}},"subtitle":["Barrier-optimized LSM-Tree"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3423211.3425676","10.1145\/3423211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3423211.3425676","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}