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Methodol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Models are the central assets in model-driven engineering (MDE), as they are actively used in all phases of software development. Models are built using metamodel-based languages, and so objects in models are typed by a metamodel class. This typing is static, established at creation time, and cannot be changed later. Therefore, objects in MDE are\n            <jats:italic>closed<\/jats:italic>\n            and fixed with respect to the class they conform to, the fields they have, and the well-formedness constraints they must comply with. This hampers many MDE activities, like the reuse of model-related artefacts such as transformations, the opportunistic or dynamic combination of metamodels, or the dynamic reconfiguration of models.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            To alleviate this rigidity, we propose making model objects\n            <jats:italic>open<\/jats:italic>\n            so that they can acquire or drop so-called\n            <jats:italic>facets<\/jats:italic>\n            . These contribute with a type, fields and constraints to the objects holding them. Facets are defined by regular metamodels, hence being a lightweight extension of standard metamodelling. Facet metamodels may declare usage\n            <jats:italic>interfaces<\/jats:italic>\n            , as well as\n            <jats:italic>laws<\/jats:italic>\n            that govern the assignment of facets to objects (or classes).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>This article describes our proposal, reporting on a theory, analysis techniques, and an implementation. The benefits of the approach are validated on the basis of five case studies dealing with annotation models, transformation reuse, multi-view modelling, multi-level modelling, and language product lines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3428076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T11:08:29Z","timestamp":1613041709000},"page":"1-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Facet-oriented Modelling"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Juan De","family":"Lara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (Spain)"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid (Spain)"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Kienzle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University (Canada)"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Complex attribute manipulation in TGGs with constraint-based programming techniques","volume":"49","author":"Anjorin Anthony","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anthony Anjorin, Gergely Varr\u00f3, and Andy Sch\u00fcrr. 2012. 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