{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T18:07:58Z","timestamp":1765994878066,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":44,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]],"date-time":"2021-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF (National Science Foundation)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1629450, 1763674, 1908633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1629450, 1763674, 1908633"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3430665.3456335","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T22:26:22Z","timestamp":1624055182000},"page":"422-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Early Bird Gets the Worm: Major Retention in CS3"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Fee","family":"Christoph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}]},{"given":"Westley","family":"Weimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Angstadt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2787622.2787717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3328778.3366806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE.2014.7044267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1539024.1508923"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02602938.2013.870531"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08993408.2014.963363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/611892.611930"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1352135.1352274"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540250500145072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/543812.543846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1121341.1121352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3017680.3017792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","first-page":"24926","volume-title":"Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.","author":"Committee on the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments","year":"2018","unstructured":"Committee on the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments , Board on Higher Education and Workforce, Policy and Global Affairs, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board , Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018 . Assessing and Responding to the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments. National Academies Press , Washington, D.C. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/24926 Pages: 24926 . Committee on the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments, Board on Higher Education and Workforce, Policy and Global Affairs, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Assessing and Responding to the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/24926 Pages: 24926."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02602938.2019.1662884"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Automatic Test-Based Assessment of Programming","volume":"5","author":"Douce Christopher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Christopher Douce , David Livingstone , and James Orwell . 2005 . Automatic Test-Based Assessment of Programming : A Review. J. Educ. Resour. Comput. , Vol. 5 , 3 (Sept. 2005), 4--es. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1163405.1163409 Christopher Douce, David Livingstone, and James Orwell. 2005. Automatic Test-Based Assessment of Programming: A Review. J. Educ. Resour. Comput., Vol. 5, 3 (Sept. 2005), 4--es. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1163405.1163409","journal-title":"A Review. J. Educ. Resour. Comput."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-016-9538-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124706.1121386"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. W. Harrold and J. Sandland. 2018. The Influence of Immediate Homework Feedback on Student Performance and Satisfaction in an Engineering MOOC. In 2018 Learning With MOOCS (LWMOOCS). 90--93.  J. W. Harrold and J. Sandland. 2018. The Influence of Immediate Homework Feedback on Student Performance and Satisfaction in an Engineering MOOC. In 2018 Learning With MOOCS (LWMOOCS). 90--93.","DOI":"10.1109\/LWMOOCS.2018.8534592"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/543812.543826"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1185335.1185344"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1151588.1151604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/JOEB.80.4.210-213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0361684317720186"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Switching majors is adding time and tuition to the already high cost of college. Hechinger Report (Dec","author":"Marcus Jon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jon Marcus . 2018. Switching majors is adding time and tuition to the already high cost of college. Hechinger Report (Dec 2018 ). https:\/\/hechingerreport.org\/switching-majors-is-adding-time-and-tuition-to-the-already-high-cost-of-college\/ Jon Marcus. 2018. Switching majors is adding time and tuition to the already high cost of college. Hechinger Report (Dec 2018). https:\/\/hechingerreport.org\/switching-majors-is-adding-time-and-tuition-to-the-already-high-cost-of-college\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2597886"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. ACM, Portland OR USA, 685--691","author":"Nguyen An","key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"An Nguyen and Colleen M. Lewis . 2020. Competitive Enrollment Policies in Computing Departments Negatively Predict First-Year Students' Sense of Belonging, Self-Efficacy, and Perception of Department . In Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. ACM, Portland OR USA, 685--691 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3328778.3366805 An Nguyen and Colleen M. Lewis. 2020. Competitive Enrollment Policies in Computing Departments Negatively Predict First-Year Students' Sense of Belonging, Self-Efficacy, and Perception of Department. In Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. ACM, Portland OR USA, 685--691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3328778.3366805"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Providing Accurate and Timely Feedback by Automatically Grading Student Programming Labs","volume":"23","author":"Nordquist Pete","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pete Nordquist . 2007 . Providing Accurate and Timely Feedback by Automatically Grading Student Programming Labs . J. Comput. Sci. Coll. , Vol. 23 , 2 (Dec. 2007), 16--23. Pete Nordquist. 2007. Providing Accurate and Timely Feedback by Automatically Grading Student Programming Labs. J. Comput. Sci. Coll., Vol. 23, 2 (Dec. 2007), 16--23.","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci. Coll."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0042085901361007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Patitsas M. Craig and S. Easterbrook. 2016. How CS departments are managing the enrolment boom: Troubling implications for diversity. In 2016 Research on Equity and Sustained Participation in Engineering Computing and Technology (RESPECT). 1--2.  E. Patitsas M. Craig and S. Easterbrook. 2016. How CS departments are managing the enrolment boom: Troubling implications for diversity. In 2016 Research on Equity and Sustained Participation in Engineering Computing and Technology (RESPECT). 1--2.","DOI":"10.1109\/RESPECT.2016.7836180"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","author":"Markeya","key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Markeya S. Peteranetz and Leen-Kiat Soh. 2020. A Multi-Level Analysis of the Relationship between Instructional Practices and Retention in Computer Science . In Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education ( Portland, OR, USA) (SIGCSE '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 37--43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3328778.3366812 Markeya S. Peteranetz and Leen-Kiat Soh. 2020. A Multi-Level Analysis of the Relationship between Instructional Practices and Retention in Computer Science. In Proceedings of the 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (Portland, OR, USA) (SIGCSE '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 37--43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3328778.3366812"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE.2017.8190559"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-016-0583-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci7080122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3017680.3017781"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 47th ACM Technical Symposium on Computing Science Education","author":"Shell Duane F.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Duane F. Shell , Leen-Kiat Soh , Abraham E. Flanigan , and Markeya S. Peteranetz . 2016. Students' Initial Course Motivation and Their Achievement and Retention in College CS1 Courses . In Proceedings of the 47th ACM Technical Symposium on Computing Science Education ( Memphis, Tennessee, USA) (SIGCSE '16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 639--644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2839509.2844606 Duane F. Shell, Leen-Kiat Soh, Abraham E. Flanigan, and Markeya S. Peteranetz. 2016. Students' Initial Course Motivation and Their Achievement and Retention in College CS1 Courses. In Proceedings of the 47th ACM Technical Symposium on Computing Science Education (Memphis, Tennessee, USA) (SIGCSE '16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 639--644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2839509.2844606"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"A Study of Knowledge Retention in Introductory Programming Courses","volume":"33","author":"Tennyson Matthew F.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matthew F. Tennyson and Marc Beck . 2018 . A Study of Knowledge Retention in Introductory Programming Courses . J. Comput. Sci. Coll. , Vol. 33 , 4 (April 2018), 13--20. Matthew F. Tennyson and Marc Beck. 2018. A Study of Knowledge Retention in Introductory Programming Courses. J. Comput. Sci. Coll., Vol. 33, 4 (April 2018), 13--20.","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci. Coll."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Transfer students' institutional attendance patterns: A case study","volume":"76","author":"Townsend Barbara K","year":"2000","unstructured":"Barbara K Townsend . 2000 . Transfer students' institutional attendance patterns: A case study . College and University , Vol. 76 , 1 (2000), 21 . Barbara K Townsend. 2000. Transfer students' institutional attendance patterns: A case study. College and University, Vol. 76, 1 (2000), 21.","journal-title":"College and University"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03043790701745936"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08993400500224419"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09589236.2015.1087309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"A Study of Factors Promoting Success in Computer Science Including Gender Differences. Computer Science Education","author":"Wilson Brenda Cantwell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brenda Cantwell Wilson . 2002. A Study of Factors Promoting Success in Computer Science Including Gender Differences. Computer Science Education , Vol. 12 , 1--2 ( March 2002 ), 141--164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1076\/csed.12.1.141.8211 Publisher : Routledge . Brenda Cantwell Wilson. 2002. A Study of Factors Promoting Success in Computer Science Including Gender Differences. Computer Science Education, Vol. 12, 1--2 (March 2002), 141--164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1076\/csed.12.1.141.8211 Publisher: Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1227504.1227458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18260\/1-2--14733"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Espenshade","author":"Zajacova Anna","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anna Zajacova , Scott M. Lynch , and Thomas J . Espenshade . 2005 . Self-Efficacy, Stress , and Academic Success in College. Research in Higher Education, Vol. 46 , 6 (Sep 2005), 677--706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11162-004--4139-z Anna Zajacova, Scott M. Lynch, and Thomas J. Espenshade. 2005. Self-Efficacy, Stress, and Academic Success in College. Research in Higher Education, Vol. 46, 6 (Sep 2005), 677--706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11162-004--4139-z"}],"event":{"name":"ITiCSE 2021: 26th ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education","sponsor":["SIGCSE ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education"],"location":"Virtual Event Germany","acronym":"ITiCSE 2021"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 1"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3430665.3456335","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/3430665.3456335","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3430665.3456335","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3430665.3456335","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:47:22Z","timestamp":1750193242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3430665.3456335"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3430665.3456335","10.1145\/3430665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3430665.3456335","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}