{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T16:39:42Z","timestamp":1768408782784,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":45,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]],"date-time":"2021-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DRL-1640141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DRL-1640141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3430665.3456349","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T22:26:22Z","timestamp":1624055182000},"page":"129-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Supporting Students' Computer Science Learning with a Game-based Learning Environment that Integrates a Use-Modify-Create Scaffolding Framework"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Danielle C.","family":"Boulden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}]},{"given":"Arif","family":"Rachmatullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}]},{"given":"Madeline","family":"Hinckle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}]},{"given":"Dolly","family":"Bounajim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}]},{"given":"Bradford","family":"Mott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}]},{"given":"Kristy E.","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Wiebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20897\/ejsteme\/5772"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Learning Renewable Energy by Scratch Programming","volume":"9","author":"Balouktsis Ioannis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ioannis Balouktsis and Gerasimos Kekeris . 2016 . Learning Renewable Energy by Scratch Programming . Journal of Research in Education and Training 9 , 1 (2016), 129 -- 141 . Ioannis Balouktsis and Gerasimos Kekeris. 2016. Learning Renewable Energy by Scratch Programming. Journal of Research in Education and Training 9, 1 (2016), 129--141.","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Education and Training"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/jel.v4n3p62"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2839509.2844661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods","author":"Bryk Anthony S","unstructured":"Anthony S Bryk and Stephen W Raudenbush . 1992. Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods . Sage , Thousand Oaks, CA . Anthony S Bryk and Stephen W Raudenbush. 1992. Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3265757.3265778"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2873833.2874099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-019-09670-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654315582065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3372782.3406256"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Diversifying digital learning: Online literacy and educational opportunity","author":"Goode Joanna","unstructured":"Joanna Goode , Julie Flapan , and Jane Margolis . 2018. Computer science for all . In Diversifying digital learning: Online literacy and educational opportunity . JHU Press , Maryland, USA , 45--65. Joanna Goode, Julie Flapan, and Jane Margolis. 2018. Computer science for all. In Diversifying digital learning: Online literacy and educational opportunity. JHU Press, Maryland, USA, 45--65."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3202185.3210800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3017680.3017723"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Computational Thinking: A competency whose time has come. In Computer science education: Perspectives on teaching and learning in school","author":"Grover Shuchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shuchi Grover and Roy Pea . 2018 . Computational Thinking: A competency whose time has come. In Computer science education: Perspectives on teaching and learning in school . Bloomsbury Publishing , London , 19--38. Shuchi Grover and Roy Pea. 2018. Computational Thinking: A competency whose time has come. In Computer science education: Perspectives on teaching and learning in school. Bloomsbury Publishing, London, 19--38."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2839509.2844564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Challenging games help students learn: An empirical study on engagement, flow and immersion in game-based learning. Computers in human behavior 54","author":"Hamari Juho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Juho Hamari , David J Shernoff , Elizabeth Rowe , Brianno Coller , Jodi Asbell-Clarke , and Teon Edwards . 2016. Challenging games help students learn: An empirical study on engagement, flow and immersion in game-based learning. Computers in human behavior 54 ( 2016 ), 170--179. Juho Hamari, David J Shernoff, Elizabeth Rowe, Brianno Coller, Jodi Asbell-Clarke, and Teon Edwards. 2016. Challenging games help students learn: An empirical study on engagement, flow and immersion in game-based learning. Computers in human behavior 54 (2016), 170--179."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3341525.3387403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0735633119887187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Z Sweedyk, J \u00c1ngel Vel\u00e1zquez-Iturbide, Zhiping Xiao, et al.","author":"Johnson Chris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chris Johnson , Monica McGill , Durell Bouchard , Michael K Bradshaw , V\u00edctor A Bucheli , Laurence D Merkle , Michael James Scott , Z Sweedyk, J \u00c1ngel Vel\u00e1zquez-Iturbide, Zhiping Xiao, et al. 2016 . Game development for computer science education. In Proceedings of the 2016 ITiCSE Working Group Reports . ACM, Are-quipa, Peru, 23--44. Chris Johnson, Monica McGill, Durell Bouchard, Michael K Bradshaw, V\u00edctor A Bucheli, Laurence D Merkle, Michael James Scott, Z Sweedyk, J \u00c1ngel Vel\u00e1zquez-Iturbide, Zhiping Xiao, et al. 2016. Game development for computer science education. In Proceedings of the 2016 ITiCSE Working Group Reports. ACM, Are-quipa, Peru, 23--44."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2017.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2017.2687458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2684721.2684736"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1929887.1929902"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v34i4.2488"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Further evidence of a relationship between explaining, tracing and writing skills in introductory programming. Acm sigcse bulletin 41, 3","author":"Lister Raymond","year":"2009","unstructured":"Raymond Lister , Colin Fidge , and Donna Teague . 2009. Further evidence of a relationship between explaining, tracing and writing skills in introductory programming. Acm sigcse bulletin 41, 3 ( 2009 ), 161--165. Raymond Lister, Colin Fidge, and Donna Teague. 2009. Further evidence of a relationship between explaining, tracing and writing skills in introductory programming. Acm sigcse bulletin 41, 3 (2009), 161--165."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3304221.3319786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","first-page":"276","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh Mary L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mary L McHugh . 2012 . Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic . Biochemiamedica 22 , 3 (2012), 276 -- 282 . Mary L McHugh. 2012. Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochemiamedica 22, 3 (2012), 276--282.","journal-title":"Biochemiamedica"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Digital game-based learning in high school computer science education: Impact on educational effectiveness and student motivation. Computers & education 52, 1","author":"Papastergiou Marina","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marina Papastergiou . 2009. Digital game-based learning in high school computer science education: Impact on educational effectiveness and student motivation. Computers & education 52, 1 ( 2009 ), 1--12. Marina Papastergiou. 2009. Digital game-based learning in high school computer science education: Impact on educational effectiveness and student motivation. Computers & education 52, 1 (2009), 1--12."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Qualitative research and evaluation methods","author":"Patton Michael Quinn","unstructured":"Michael Quinn Patton . 2002. Qualitative research and evaluation methods . Sage , Thousand Oaks, CA . Michael Quinn Patton. 2002. Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Development and validation of the middle grades computer science concept inventory (MG-CSCI) assessment. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education16, 5","author":"Rachmatullah Arif","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arif Rachmatullah , Bita Akram , Danielle Boulden , Bradford Mott , Kristy Boyer , James Lester , and Eric Wiebe . 2020. Development and validation of the middle grades computer science concept inventory (MG-CSCI) assessment. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education16, 5 ( 2020 ). Arif Rachmatullah, Bita Akram, Danielle Boulden, Bradford Mott, Kristy Boyer, James Lester, and Eric Wiebe. 2020. Development and validation of the middle grades computer science concept inventory (MG-CSCI) assessment. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education16, 5 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287324.3287331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Affect and engagement in Game-Based Learning environments","author":"Sabourin Jennifer L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jennifer L Sabourin and James C Lester . 2013. Affect and engagement in Game-Based Learning environments . IEEE transactions on affective computing 5, 1 ( 2013 ),45--56. Jennifer L Sabourin and James C Lester. 2013. Affect and engagement in Game-Based Learning environments.IEEE transactions on affective computing 5, 1 (2013),45--56."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3328778.3366821"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"The coding manual for qualitative researchers","author":"Salda\u00f1a Johnny","unstructured":"Johnny Salda\u00f1a . 2015. The coding manual for qualitative researchers . Sage , Los Angeles . Johnny Salda\u00f1a. 2015. The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage, Los Angeles."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Kes Sesi: A mobile game designed to improve kindergarteners' recognition of letter sounds.Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 35, 2","author":"Samur Yavuz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yavuz Samur . 2019 . Kes Sesi: A mobile game designed to improve kindergarteners' recognition of letter sounds.Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 35, 2 (2019),294--304. Yavuz Samur. 2019. Kes Sesi: A mobile game designed to improve kindergarteners' recognition of letter sounds.Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 35, 2 (2019),294--304."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08993408.2019.1608781"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJGCMS.2015010102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Basics of qualitative research","author":"Strauss Anselm","unstructured":"Anselm Strauss and Juliet Corbin . 1990. Basics of qualitative research . Sage , Thousand Oaks, CA . Anselm Strauss and Juliet Corbin. 1990. Basics of qualitative research. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Mind in society","author":"Vygotsky Lev S","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lev S Vygotsky . 1978. Mind in society . 1978 . In The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press , Harvard, MA. Lev S Vygotsky. 1978. Mind in society. 1978. In The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press, Harvard, MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3230977.3230988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2157136.2157263"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29333\/ejmste\/92286"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.07.018"}],"event":{"name":"ITiCSE 2021: 26th ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education","location":"Virtual Event Germany","acronym":"ITiCSE 2021","sponsor":["SIGCSE ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 26th ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 1"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3430665.3456349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3430665.3456349","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3430665.3456349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:47:22Z","timestamp":1750193242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3430665.3456349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3430665.3456349","10.1145\/3430665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3430665.3456349","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}