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Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Nature-inspired computing<\/jats:italic>\n            is a type of human-designed computing motivated by nature, which is based on the employ of paradigms, mechanisms, and principles underlying natural systems. In this article, a versatile and vigorous bio-inspired branch of natural computing, named\n            <jats:italic>membrane computing<\/jats:italic>\n            is discussed. This computing paradigm is aroused by the internal membrane function and the structure of biological cells. We first introduce some basic concepts and formalisms of membrane computing, and then some basic types or variants of\n            <jats:italic>P systems<\/jats:italic>\n            (also named\n            <jats:italic>membrane systems<\/jats:italic>\n            ) are presented. The state-of-the-art computability theory and a pioneering computational complexity theory are presented with P system frameworks and numerous solutions to hard computational problems (especially\n            <jats:bold>NP<\/jats:bold>\n            -complete problems) via P systems with membrane division are reported. Finally, a number of applications and open problems of P systems are briefly described.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3431234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T11:17:16Z","timestamp":1613042236000},"page":"1-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["A Survey of Nature-Inspired Computing"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Bosheng","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University, Changsha, China"}]},{"given":"Kenli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University, Changsha, China"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Orellana-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mario J.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"P\u00e9Rez-Hurtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems. 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