{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:22:05Z","timestamp":1750220525196,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digit. Gov.: Res. Pract."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            COVID-19 has presented society with a unique set of challenges, including seeking a scientific understanding of the novel coronavirus, modeling its epidemiology, and inferring appropriate societal response. In this article, we posit that fighting a pandemic is as much a social endeavor as a medicinal and scientific one and focus on developing a platform for understand the social pulse of the United States during the COVID-19 crisis. We collected a multitude of data that includes longitudinal trends of news topics, social distancing behaviors, community mobility changes, web searches, and other descriptors of the COVID-19 pandemic\u2019s effects on the United States. Our preliminary results show that the number of COVID-19-related news articles published immediately after the World Health Organization declared the pandemic on March 11 have steadily decreased\u2014regardless of changes in the number of cases or public policies. Additionally, we found that politically moderate and scientifically grounded sources have, relative to baselines measured before the beginning of the pandemic, published a lower proportion of COVID-19 news articles than more politically extreme sources\u2014a fact that has implications for the spread and consequences of misinformation during the pandemic. We suggest that further analysis of these multi-modal signals could produce meaningful social insights and present an interactive dashboard to aid further exploration.\n            <jats:italic>1<\/jats:italic>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3431805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T14:24:54Z","timestamp":1604672694000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pandemic Pulse"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Krieg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame, Indiana"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Schnur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame, Indiana"}]},{"given":"Jermaine D.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame, Indiana"}]},{"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Schoenbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame, Indiana"}]},{"given":"Nitesh V.","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame, Indiana"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"2015. 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Media Bias\/ Fact Check : The Most Comprehensive Media Bias Resource . Retrieved April 20, 2020 from https:\/\/mediabiasfactcheck.com. 2020. Media Bias\/Fact Check: The Most Comprehensive Media Bias Resource. Retrieved April 20, 2020 from https:\/\/mediabiasfactcheck.com."},{"unstructured":"2020. Unemployment Rates for States. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/web\/laus\/laumstrk.htm.  2020. Unemployment Rates for States. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/web\/laus\/laumstrk.htm.","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Early evidence on social distancing in response to COVID-19 in the United States. SSRN Electronic Journal 10.2139\/ssrn.3569368 (June","author":"Andersen Martin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martin Andersen . 2020. Early evidence on social distancing in response to COVID-19 in the United States. SSRN Electronic Journal 10.2139\/ssrn.3569368 (June 2020 ). Martin Andersen. 2020. Early evidence on social distancing in response to COVID-19 in the United States. SSRN Electronic Journal 10.2139\/ssrn.3569368 (June 2020)."},{"unstructured":"US Census Bureau. 2020. American Community Survey (ACS). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/acs\/.  US Census Bureau. 2020. American Community Survey (ACS). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.census.gov\/programs-surveys\/acs\/.","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3386\/w27417","volume-title":"Misinformation During a Pandemic","author":"Bursztyn Leonardo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leonardo Bursztyn , Aakaash Rao , Christopher Roth , and David Yanagizawa-Drott . 2020. Misinformation During a Pandemic . University of Chicago, Becker Friedman Institute for Economics Working Paper 2020 -44 (2020). Leonardo Bursztyn, Aakaash Rao, Christopher Roth, and David Yanagizawa-Drott. 2020. Misinformation During a Pandemic. 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Retrieved from https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1911.06815."}],"container-title":["Digital Government: Research and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3431805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3431805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:24:46Z","timestamp":1750195486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3431805"}},"subtitle":["Unraveling and Modeling Social Signals During the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3431805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3431805","relation":{},"ISSN":["2691-199X","2639-0175"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2691-199X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2639-0175"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}