{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T04:31:10Z","timestamp":1771821070400,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"CSCW3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Online freelancing is growing rapidly. However, despite this rapid growth, we have a limited understanding of online freelancers' long-term experiences and evolution, or how online freelancing influences freelancers' broader career goals. To address this gap, we interviewed a set of online freelancers at two time periods, two and a half years apart. We found that long-term engagement with online freelancing involves a unique set of financial, emotional, relational, and reputational burdens that represent the overhead of maintaining an online freelancing career. We found that this overhead influenced online freelancers' participation and perceptions of online freelancing over time, as well as the strategies some freelancers employed to manage their careers. Our findings further highlight how online freelance platforms can afford unique career development opportunities over a longer period of time, including career exploration and transition, entrepreneurial training and reputation, and skills transfer. Based on our findings, we present policy and design implications to increase the sustainability and accessibility of online freelancing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3432925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T18:43:37Z","timestamp":1609872217000},"page":"1-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Making it Work, or Not"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Allie","family":"Blaising","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}]},{"given":"Yasmine","family":"Kotturi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}]},{"given":"Chinmay","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Dabbish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"[n.d.]. Freelancing in America: 2019 Survey. https:\/\/www.upwork.com\/i\/freelancing-in-america\/2019\/  [n.d.]. Freelancing in America: 2019 Survey. https:\/\/www.upwork.com\/i\/freelancing-in-america\/2019\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"[n.d.]. Home. https:\/\/www.dedoose.com\/  [n.d.]. Home. https:\/\/www.dedoose.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"[n.d.]. The Online Labour Index. https:\/\/ilabour.oii.ox.ac.uk\/online-labour-index\/  [n.d.]. The Online Labour Index. https:\/\/ilabour.oii.ox.ac.uk\/online-labour-index\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Measuring and Accounting for Innovation in the 21st Century","author":"Abraham Katharine","unstructured":"Katharine Abraham , John Haltiwanger , Kristin Sandusky , and James Spletzer . 2017. Measuring the gig economy: Current knowledge and open issues . In Measuring and Accounting for Innovation in the 21st Century . University of Chicago Press. Katharine Abraham, John Haltiwanger, Kristin Sandusky, and James Spletzer. 2017. Measuring the gig economy: Current knowledge and open issues. In Measuring and Accounting for Innovation in the 21st Century. University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1706597114"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Adam Arvidsson Alessandro Gandini Carolina Bandinelli etal 2016. Self-branding amongst freelance knowledge workers. (2016).  Adam Arvidsson Alessandro Gandini Carolina Bandinelli et al. 2016. Self-branding amongst freelance knowledge workers. (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riob.2018.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359320"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Platforms as entrepreneurial incubators? How online labor markets shape work identity. Journal of Managerial Psychology","author":"Bellesia Francesca","year":"2019","unstructured":"Francesca Bellesia , Elisa Mattarelli , Fabiola Bertolotti , and Maurizio Sobrero . 2019. Platforms as entrepreneurial incubators? How online labor markets shape work identity. Journal of Managerial Psychology ( 2019 ). Francesca Bellesia, Elisa Mattarelli, Fabiola Bertolotti, and Maurizio Sobrero. 2019. Platforms as entrepreneurial incubators? How online labor markets shape work identity. Journal of Managerial Psychology (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987107081254"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Allie Blaising David Askay Yasmine Kotturi and Chinmay Kulkarni. 2018. A Qualitative Investigation of Unmet Information-Seeking Needs of Online Workers. (2018)  Allie Blaising David Askay Yasmine Kotturi and Chinmay Kulkarni. 2018. A Qualitative Investigation of Unmet Information-Seeking Needs of Online Workers. (2018)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"24th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2018","author":"Blaising Allie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allie Blaising , David Askay , Yasmine Kotturi , and Chinmay Kulkarni . 2018 . A Qualitative Investigation of Unmet Information-Seeking Needs of Online Workers . In 24th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2018 , New Orleans, LA, USA , August 16-18, 2018. Association for Information Systems. https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/amcis2018\/ VirtualCC\/Presentations\/2 Allie Blaising, David Askay, Yasmine Kotturi, and Chinmay Kulkarni. 2018. A Qualitative Investigation of Unmet Information-Seeking Needs of Online Workers. In 24th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2018, New Orleans, LA, USA, August 16-18, 2018. Association for Information Systems. https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/amcis2018\/ VirtualCC\/Presentations\/2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allie Blaising Yasmine Kotturi and Chinmay Kulkarni. 2019. Navigating Uncertainty in the Future of Work: Information Seeking and Critical Events Among Online Freelancers. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM LBW2319.  Allie Blaising Yasmine Kotturi and Chinmay Kulkarni. 2019. Navigating Uncertainty in the Future of Work: Information Seeking and Critical Events Among Online Freelancers. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM LBW2319.","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3312922"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies","author":"Brynjolfsson Erik","unstructured":"Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee . 2014. The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies . WW Norton & Company . Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee. 2014. The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. WW Norton & Company."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0263276408097797"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/800538"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Matters of care: Speculative ethics in more than human worlds","author":"de La Bellacasa Maria Puig","unstructured":"Maria Puig de La Bellacasa . 2017. Matters of care: Speculative ethics in more than human worlds . Vol. 41 . U of Minnesota Press . Maria Puig de La Bellacasa. 2017. Matters of care: Speculative ethics in more than human worlds. Vol. 41. U of Minnesota Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"471","article-title":"The rise of the just-in-time workforce: On-demand work, crowdwork, and labor protection in the gig-economy","volume":"37","author":"Stefano Valerio De","year":"2015","unstructured":"Valerio De Stefano . 2015 . The rise of the just-in-time workforce: On-demand work, crowdwork, and labor protection in the gig-economy . Comp. Lab. L. & Pol? y J. 37 (2015), 471 . Valerio De Stefano. 2015. The rise of the just-in-time workforce: On-demand work, crowdwork, and labor protection in the gig-economy. Comp. Lab. L. & Pol?y J. 37 (2015), 471.","journal-title":"y J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376717"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3196709.3196770"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300808"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818048.2819924"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative science quarterly 44, 2","author":"Edmondson Amy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Amy Edmondson . 1999. Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative science quarterly 44, 2 ( 1999 ), 350--383. Amy Edmondson. 1999. Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative science quarterly 44, 2 (1999), 350--383."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3323994.3371017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274322"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"62","volume-title":"Researching Children?s Perspectives, eds A. Lewis & G. Lindsay","author":"France A","year":"2000","unstructured":"A France , G Bendelow , and S Williams . 2000. A ? Risky . Business: Researching the Health Beliefs of Children and Young People? , in Researching Children?s Perspectives, eds A. Lewis & G. Lindsay , Open University Press , Buckingham , pp. 150\u00c1 62 ( 2000 ). A France, G Bendelow, and S Williams. 2000. A ?Risky. Business: Researching the Health Beliefs of Children and Young People?, in Researching Children?s Perspectives, eds A. Lewis & G. Lindsay, Open University Press, Buckingham, pp. 150\u00c162 (2000)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"New Forms of Performance Control in Crowdwork. Work and Labor in the Digital Age (Research in the Sociology of Work","volume":"143","author":"Gerber Christine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Christine Gerber and Martin Krzywdzinski . 2019 . Brave New Digital Work ? New Forms of Performance Control in Crowdwork. Work and Labor in the Digital Age (Research in the Sociology of Work , Vol. 33), London: Emerald Publishing Limited (2019), 121-- 143 . Christine Gerber and Martin Krzywdzinski. 2019. Brave New Digital Work? New Forms of Performance Control in Crowdwork. Work and Labor in the Digital Age (Research in the Sociology of Work, Vol. 33), London: Emerald Publishing Limited (2019), 121--143."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research","author":"Glaser Barney G","unstructured":"Barney G Glaser and Anselm L Strauss . 2017. Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research . Routledge . Barney G Glaser and Anselm L Strauss. 2017. Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429317866-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass","author":"Gray Mary L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mary L Gray and Siddharth Suri . 2019 . Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass . Eamon Dolan Books . Mary L Gray and Siddharth Suri. 2019. Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass. Eamon Dolan Books."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Reconceptualizing mentoring at work: A developmental network perspective","author":"Higgins Monica C","year":"2001","unstructured":"Monica C Higgins and Kathy E Kram . 2001. Reconceptualizing mentoring at work: A developmental network perspective . Academy of management review 26, 2 ( 2001 ), 264--288. Monica C Higgins and Kathy E Kram. 2001. Reconceptualizing mentoring at work: A developmental network perspective. Academy of management review 26, 2 (2001), 264--288."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"The fourth industrial revolution: Issues and implications for career research and practice. The career development quarterly 66, 3","author":"Hirschi Andreas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andreas Hirschi . 2018. The fourth industrial revolution: Issues and implications for career research and practice. The career development quarterly 66, 3 ( 2018 ), 192--204. Andreas Hirschi. 2018. The fourth industrial revolution: Issues and implications for career research and practice. The career development quarterly 66, 3 (2018), 192--204."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2014.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300327"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359234"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376363"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274340"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07370024.2018.1469409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-15742-5_55"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2018.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"Hannah Johnston Chris Land-Kazlauskas etal 2018. Organizing on-demand: Representation voice and collective bargaining in the gig economy. Conditions of work and employment series 94 (2018).  Hannah Johnston Chris Land-Kazlauskas et al. 2018. Organizing on-demand: Representation voice and collective bargaining in the gig economy. Conditions of work and employment series 94 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Online labour index: Measuring the online gig economy for policy and research. Technological forecasting and social change 137","author":"K\u00e4ssi Otto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Otto K\u00e4ssi and Vili Lehdonvirta . 2018. Online labour index: Measuring the online gig economy for policy and research. Technological forecasting and social change 137 ( 2018 ), 241--248. Otto K\u00e4ssi and Vili Lehdonvirta. 2018. Online labour index: Measuring the online gig economy for policy and research. Technological forecasting and social change 137 (2018), 241--248."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"The rise and nature of alternative work arrangements in the United States","author":"Katz Lawrence F","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lawrence F Katz and Alan B Krueger . 2016. The rise and nature of alternative work arrangements in the United States , 1995 --2015. Technical Report. National Bureau of Economic Research . Lawrence F Katz and Alan B Krueger. 2016. The rise and nature of alternative work arrangements in the United States, 1995--2015. Technical Report. National Bureau of Economic Research."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.p20171092"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7758\/rsf.2019.5.5.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"Dylan Andrew Kreis etal 2019. A typology of online labor platforms. Ph.D. Dissertation.  Dylan Andrew Kreis et al. 2019. A typology of online labor platforms. Ph.D. Dissertation."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amp.2015.0111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Re-thinking the ethical: Everyday shifts of care in biogerontology. Ethics, law and society 5","author":"Latimer Joanna","year":"2013","unstructured":"Joanna Latimer and Mar\u00eda Puig de la Bellacasa . 2013. Re-thinking the ethical: Everyday shifts of care in biogerontology. Ethics, law and society 5 ( 2013 ), 153--174. Joanna Latimer and Mar\u00eda Puig de la Bellacasa. 2013. Re-thinking the ethical: Everyday shifts of care in biogerontology. Ethics, law and society 5 (2013), 153--174."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206318786781"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2017.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Emerging criteria for quality in qualitative and interpretive research. Qualitative inquiry 1, 3","author":"Lincoln Yvonna S","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yvonna S Lincoln . 1995. Emerging criteria for quality in qualitative and interpretive research. Qualitative inquiry 1, 3 ( 1995 ), 275--289. Yvonna S Lincoln. 1995. Emerging criteria for quality in qualitative and interpretive research. Qualitative inquiry 1, 3 (1995), 275--289."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","unstructured":"T.R. Lindlof and B.C. Taylor. 2011. Qualitative Communication Research Methods. SAGE Publications.  T.R. Lindlof and B.C. Taylor. 2011. Qualitative Communication Research Methods. SAGE Publications."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3392842"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15346\/hc.v6i1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JWL-10-2018-0126"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2531602.2531651"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1991.4278997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","unstructured":"Donna Molloy and Jane Ritchie. 2000. New Deal for long term unemployed people: Findings from a qualitative study amongst participants. Employment Service.  Donna Molloy and Jane Ritchie. 2000. New Deal for long term unemployed people: Findings from a qualitative study amongst participants. Employment Service."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cdq.12037"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0001839218759646"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"From Iron Cages to Invisible Cages: Algorithmic Evaluations in Online Labor Markets","author":"Rahman Hatim A","unstructured":"Hatim A Rahman . 2018. From Iron Cages to Invisible Cages: Algorithmic Evaluations in Online Labor Markets . In Work and Organization Studies seminar, MIT. Hatim A Rahman. 2018. From Iron Cages to Invisible Cages: Algorithmic Evaluations in Online Labor Markets. In Work and Organization Studies seminar, MIT."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","unstructured":"Hatim Ali Rahman. 2019. Invisible Cages: Algorithmic Evaluations in Online Labor Markets. Ph.D. Dissertation. Stanford University[63] MIT Technology Review. 2019. The work of the future: shaping technology and institutions - Future of Work Hub. https:\/\/www.futureofworkhub.info\/allcontent\/2019\/9\/21\/the-work-of-the-future-shaping-technology-and-institutions  Hatim Ali Rahman. 2019. Invisible Cages: Algorithmic Evaluations in Online Labor Markets. Ph.D. Dissertation. Stanford University[63] MIT Technology Review. 2019. The work of the future: shaping technology and institutions - Future of Work Hub. https:\/\/www.futureofworkhub.info\/allcontent\/2019\/9\/21\/the-work-of-the-future-shaping-technology-and-institutions"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","unstructured":"Johnny Salda\u00f1a. 2003. Longitudinal qualitative research: Analyzing change through time. Rowman Altamira.  Johnny Salda\u00f1a. 2003. Longitudinal qualitative research: Analyzing change through time. Rowman Altamira."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/job.1944"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113332"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"Basics of qualitative research techniques","author":"Strauss Anselm","unstructured":"Anselm Strauss and Juliet Corbin . 1998. Basics of qualitative research techniques . Sage publications Thousand Oaks, CA. Anselm Strauss and Juliet Corbin. 1998. Basics of qualitative research techniques. Sage publications Thousand Oaks, CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","volume-title":"Making the most of what you've got? Resources, values and inequalities in young women's transitions to adulthood. Educational review 55, 1","author":"Thomson Rachel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rachel Thomson , Sheila Henderson , and Janet Holland . 2003. Making the most of what you've got? Resources, values and inequalities in young women's transitions to adulthood. Educational review 55, 1 ( 2003 ), 33--46. Rachel Thomson, Sheila Henderson, and Janet Holland. 2003. Making the most of what you've got? Resources, values and inequalities in young women's transitions to adulthood. Educational review 55, 1 (2003), 33--46."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018726717733313"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300883"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","volume-title":"Ensuring quality in qualitative research. Qualitative research in clinical and health psychology","author":"Treharne Gareth J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gareth J Treharne and Damien W Riggs . 2014. Ensuring quality in qualitative research. Qualitative research in clinical and health psychology ( 2014 ), 57--73. Gareth J Treharne and Damien W Riggs. 2014. Ensuring quality in qualitative research. Qualitative research in clinical and health psychology (2014), 57--73."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0950017018785616"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038519828906"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3432925","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3432925","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:47:12Z","timestamp":1750193232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3432925"}},"subtitle":["A Longitudinal Study of Career Trajectories Among Online Freelancers"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"CSCW3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3432925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3432925","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}