{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T11:49:41Z","timestamp":1752666581029,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Commun. ACM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology have empowered mobile operators to deploy LTE (long-term evolution) base stations (BSs) on UAVs and provide on-demand, adaptive connectivity to hotspot venues as well as emergency scenarios. However, today's evolved packet core (EPC) that orchestrates LTE's radio access network (RAN) faces fundamental limitations in catering to such a challenging, wireless, and mobile UAV environment, particularly in the presence of multiple BSs (UAVs). In this work, we argue for and propose an alternate, radical\n            <jats:italic>edge<\/jats:italic>\n            EPC design, called SkyCore that pushes the EPC functionality to the extreme edge of the core network---collapses the EPC into a single, lightweight, self-contained entity that is colocated with each of the UAV BS. SkyCore incorporates elements that are designed to address the unique challenges facing such a distributed design in the UAV environment, namely the resource constraints of UAV platforms, and the distributed management of pronounced UAV and UE mobility. We build and deploy a fully functional version of SkyCore on a two-UAV LTE network and showcase its (i) ability to interoperate with commercial LTE BSs as well as smartphones, (ii) support for both hotspot and stand-alone multi-UAV deployments, and (iii) superior control and data plane performance compared to other EPC variants in this environment.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3434161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T23:39:35Z","timestamp":1608248375000},"page":"116-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["SkyCore"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Moradi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}]},{"given":"Karthikeyan","family":"Sundaresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEC Laboratories America, Princeton, NJ"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEC Laboratories America, Princeton, NJ"}]},{"given":"Sampath","family":"Rangarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NEC Laboratories America, Princeton, NJ"}]},{"given":"Z. Morley","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"AT&T is deploying white box hardware in cell towers to power mobile 5G era 2017. https:\/\/goo.gl\/snRW6M.  AT&T is deploying white box hardware in cell towers to power mobile 5G era 2017. https:\/\/goo.gl\/snRW6M."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"CBRS Spectrum 2017. https:\/\/goo.gl\/3zbYyo.  CBRS Spectrum 2017. https:\/\/goo.gl\/3zbYyo."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Flying COW connects Puerto Rico 2017. https:\/\/goo.gl\/NEq1HA.  Flying COW connects Puerto Rico 2017. https:\/\/goo.gl\/NEq1HA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"SDN switch","author":"Lagopus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lagopus : SDN switch , 2017 . http:\/\/www.lagopus.org\/. 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