{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T23:27:52Z","timestamp":1776295672545,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":55,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006224","name":"Argonne National Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006224","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3437801.3441610","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T23:04:20Z","timestamp":1613862260000},"page":"374-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Lightweight preemptive user-level threads"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Shumpei","family":"Shiina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argonne National Laboratory"}]},{"given":"Kenjiro","family":"Taura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"given":"Pavan","family":"Balaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argonne National Laboratory"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"IEEE Standard for Information Technology-Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX(R)) Base Specifications, Issue 7","volume":"1003","year":"2018","unstructured":"2018 . IEEE Standard for Information Technology-Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX(R)) Base Specifications, Issue 7 . IEEE Std 1003 . 1 - 2017 (Revision of IEEE Std 1003.1-2008) (Jan. 2018). 2018. IEEE Standard for Information Technology-Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX(R)) Base Specifications, Issue 7. IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (Revision of IEEE Std 1003.1-2008) (Jan. 2018).","journal-title":"IEEE Std"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"2020. Go 1.14 Release Notes. https:\/\/golang.org\/doc\/go1.14  2020. Go 1.14 Release Notes. https:\/\/golang.org\/doc\/go1.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IBM T.J. Watson P=ac2 Conference","author":"Anantaraman Aravindh V.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aravindh V. Anantaraman , Ali El haj Mahmoud , Ravi K. Venkatesan , Yifan Zhu , and Frank Mueller . 2004 . EDF-DVS Scheduling on the IBM Embedded PowerPC 405LP . In Proceedings of the IBM T.J. Watson P=ac2 Conference ( Yorktown Heights, New York, USA). 63--72. Aravindh V. Anantaraman, Ali El haj Mahmoud, Ravi K. Venkatesan, Yifan Zhu, and Frank Mueller. 2004. EDF-DVS Scheduling on the IBM Embedded PowerPC 405LP. In Proceedings of the IBM T.J. Watson P=ac2 Conference (Yorktown Heights, New York, USA). 63--72."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/146941.146944"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECRTS.2011.28"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/209936.209958"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/324133.324234"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC '20). 465--477","author":"Boucher Sol","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sol Boucher , Anuj Kalia , David G. Andersen , and Michael Kaminsky . 2020 . Lightweight Preemptible Functions . In Proceedings of the 2020 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC '20). 465--477 . Sol Boucher, Anuj Kalia, David G. Andersen, and Michael Kaminsky. 2020. Lightweight Preemptible Functions. In Proceedings of the 2020 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC '20). 465--477."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10766-010-0136-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proceeding of the 2013 Extreme Scaling Workshop","author":"Carter Edwards H.","unstructured":"H. Carter Edwards and Christian R. Trott . 2013. Kokkos: Enabling Performance Portability Across Manycore Architectures . In Proceeding of the 2013 Extreme Scaling Workshop ( Boulder, Colorado, USA) (XSW '13). 18--24. H. Carter Edwards and Christian R. Trott. 2013. Kokkos: Enabling Performance Portability Across Manycore Architectures. In Proceeding of the 2013 Extreme Scaling Workshop (Boulder, Colorado, USA) (XSW '13). 18--24."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 46th International Conference on Parallel Processing","author":"Castell\u00f3 Adri\u00e1n","unstructured":"Adri\u00e1n Castell\u00f3 , Sangmin Seo , Rafael Mayo , Pavan Balaji , Enrique S. Quintana-Ort\u00ed , and Antonio J. Pe\u00f1a . 2017. GLTO: On the Adequacy of Lightweight Thread Approaches for OpenMP Implementations . In Proceedings of the 46th International Conference on Parallel Processing ( Bristol, UK) (ICPP '17). 60--69. Adri\u00e1n Castell\u00f3, Sangmin Seo, Rafael Mayo, Pavan Balaji, Enrique S. Quintana-Ort\u00ed, and Antonio J. Pe\u00f1a. 2017. GLTO: On the Adequacy of Lightweight Thread Approaches for OpenMP Implementations. In Proceedings of the 46th International Conference on Parallel Processing (Bristol, UK) (ICPP '17). 60--69."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094342007078442"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1094811.1094852"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2155620.2155641"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PDP.2017.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Kernighan","author":"Donovan Alan A. A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alan A. A. Donovan and Brian W . Kernighan . 2015 . The Go programming language. Addison-Wesley Professional . Alan A. A. Donovan and Brian W. Kernighan. 2015. The Go programming language. Addison-Wesley Professional."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129626411000151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Engines from Continuations","volume":"14","author":"Kent Dybvig R.","year":"1989","unstructured":"R. Kent Dybvig and Robert Hieb . 1989 . Engines from Continuations . Computer Languages 14 , 2 (Sept. 1989), 109--123. R. Kent Dybvig and Robert Hieb. 1989. Engines from Continuations. Computer Languages 14, 2 (Sept. 1989), 109--123.","journal-title":"Computer Languages"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Kokkos: Enabling Manycore Performance Portability through Polymorphic Memory Access Patterns","volume":"74","author":"Edwards H. Carter","year":"2014","unstructured":"H. Carter Edwards , Christian R. Trott , and Daniel Sunderland . 2014 . Kokkos: Enabling Manycore Performance Portability through Polymorphic Memory Access Patterns . J. Parallel and Distrib. Comput. 74 , 12 (Dec. 2014), 3202--3216. H. Carter Edwards, Christian R. Trott, and Daniel Sunderland. 2014. Kokkos: Enabling Manycore Performance Portability through Polymorphic Memory Access Patterns. J. Parallel and Distrib. Comput. 74, 12 (Dec. 2014), 3202--3216.","journal-title":"J. Parallel and Distrib. Comput."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1998 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (Montreal","author":"Frigo Matteo","unstructured":"Matteo Frigo , Charles E. Leiserson , and Keith H. Randall . 1998. The Implementation of the Cilk-5 Multithreaded Language . In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1998 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (Montreal , Quebec, Canada) (PLDI '98). 212--223. Matteo Frigo, Charles E. Leiserson, and Keith H. Randall. 1998. The Implementation of the Cilk-5 Multithreaded Language. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1998 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) (PLDI '98). 212--223."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3295500.3356223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3433701.3433771"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0096-0551(87)90003-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1693453.1693475"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPSW50202.2020.00161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3208040.3208045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS.2010.5470434"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SC.2018.00026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2020.2976057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PACT.2019.00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Conference on Object-oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications (Washington, D.C., USA) (OOPSLA '93)","author":"Laxmikant","unstructured":"Laxmikant V. Kale and Sanjeev Krishnan. 1993. CHARM++: A Portable Concurrent Object Oriented System Based on C++ . In Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Conference on Object-oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications (Washington, D.C., USA) (OOPSLA '93) . 91--108. Laxmikant V. Kale and Sanjeev Krishnan. 1993. CHARM++: A Portable Concurrent Object Oriented System Based on C++. In Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Conference on Object-oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications (Washington, D.C., USA) (OOPSLA '93). 91--108."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/977395.977673"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1291201.1291217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2901318.2901326"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"NanosCompiler","volume":"12","author":"Marc Gonz\u00e0lez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e0lez Marc , Ayguad\u00e9 Eduard , Martorell Xavier , Labarta Jes\u00fas , Navarro Nacho , and Oliver Jos\u00e9 . 2000 . NanosCompiler : Supporting Flexible Multilevel Parallelism Exploitation in OpenMP. Concurrency: Practice and Experience 12 , 12 (Oct. 2000), 1205--1218. Gonz\u00e0lez Marc, Ayguad\u00e9 Eduard, Martorell Xavier, Labarta Jes\u00fas, Navarro Nacho, and Oliver Jos\u00e9. 2000. NanosCompiler: Supporting Flexible Multilevel Parallelism Exploitation in OpenMP. Concurrency: Practice and Experience 12, 12 (Oct. 2000), 1205--1218.","journal-title":"Supporting Flexible Multilevel Parallelism Exploitation in OpenMP. Concurrency: Practice and Experience"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles","author":"Marsh Brian D.","unstructured":"Brian D. Marsh , Michael L. Scott , Thomas J. LeBlanc , and Evangelos P. Markatos . 1991. First-Class User-level Threads . In Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles ( Pacific Grove, California, USA) (SOSP '91). 110--121. Brian D. Marsh, Michael L. Scott, Thomas J. LeBlanc, and Evangelos P. Markatos. 1991. First-Class User-level Threads. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (Pacific Grove, California, USA) (SOSP '91). 110--121."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)","author":"Malcolm","unstructured":"Malcolm S. Mollison and James H. Anderson. 2013. Bringing Theory into Practice: A Userspace Library for Multicore Real-Time Scheduling . In Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS) ( Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA) (RTAS '13). 283--292. Malcolm S. Mollison and James H. Anderson. 2013. Bringing Theory into Practice: A Userspace Library for Multicore Real-Time Scheduling. In Proceedings of the 19th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS) (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA) (RTAS '13). 283--292."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science - Concurrent Objects and Beyond 8665 (Jan","volume-title":"MassiveThreads: A Thread Library for High Productivity Languages","author":"Nakashima Jun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jun Nakashima and Kenjiro Taura . 2014. MassiveThreads: A Thread Library for High Productivity Languages . Lecture Notes in Computer Science - Concurrent Objects and Beyond 8665 (Jan . 2014 ), 222--238. Jun Nakashima and Kenjiro Taura. 2014. MassiveThreads: A Thread Library for High Productivity Languages. Lecture Notes in Computer Science - Concurrent Objects and Beyond 8665 (Jan. 2014), 222--238."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/581630.581680"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"OpenMP Architecture Review Board. 2018. OpenMP Application Program Interface Version 5.0. https:\/\/www.openmp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/OpenMP-API-Specification-5.0.pdf  OpenMP Architecture Review Board. 2018. OpenMP Application Program Interface Version 5.0. https:\/\/www.openmp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/OpenMP-API-Specification-5.0.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PACT.2019.00045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECRTS.2014.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jcph.1995.1039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/277830.277911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Intel Threading Building Blocks: Outfitting C++ for Multi-Core Processor Parallelism","author":"Reinders James","unstructured":"James Reinders . 2007. Intel Threading Building Blocks: Outfitting C++ for Multi-Core Processor Parallelism . O'Reilly Media . James Reinders. 2007. Intel Threading Building Blocks: Outfitting C++ for Multi-Core Processor Parallelism. O'Reilly Media."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Sandia National Laboratories. [n.d.]. LAMMPS Molecular Dynamics Simulator. http:\/\/lammps.sandia.gov  Sandia National Laboratories. [n.d.]. LAMMPS Molecular Dynamics Simulator. http:\/\/lammps.sandia.gov"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-98521-3_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","article-title":"Argobots: A Lightweight Low-Level Threading and Tasking Framework","author":"Seo Sangmin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sangmin Seo , Abdelhalim Amer , Pavan Balaji , Cyril Bordage , George Bosilca , Alex Brooks , Philip Carns , Adri\u00e1n Castell\u00f3 , Damien Genet , Thomas Herault , Shintaro Iwasaki , Prateek Jindal , Laxmikant V. Kal\u00e9 , Sriram Krishnamoorthy , Jonathan Lifflander , Huiwei Lu , Esteban Meneses , Marc Snir , Yanhua Sun , Kenjiro Taura , and Pete Beckman . 2017 . Argobots: A Lightweight Low-Level Threading and Tasking Framework . IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems PP, 99 ( Oct. 2017), 512--526. Sangmin Seo, Abdelhalim Amer, Pavan Balaji, Cyril Bordage, George Bosilca, Alex Brooks, Philip Carns, Adri\u00e1n Castell\u00f3, Damien Genet, Thomas Herault, Shintaro Iwasaki, Prateek Jindal, Laxmikant V. Kal\u00e9, Sriram Krishnamoorthy, Jonathan Lifflander, Huiwei Lu, Esteban Meneses, Marc Snir, Yanhua Sun, Kenjiro Taura, and Pete Beckman. 2017. Argobots: A Lightweight Low-Level Threading and Tasking Framework. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems PP, 99 (Oct. 2017), 512--526.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems PP, 99"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX","author":"Stein Dan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dan Stein and Devang Shah . 1992 . Implementing Lightweight Threads . In Proceedings of the USENIX Summer 1992 Technical Conference (San Antonio, Texas, USA) (USENIX '92). 1--9. Dan Stein and Devang Shah. 1992. Implementing Lightweight Threads. In Proceedings of the USENIX Summer 1992 Technical Conference (San Antonio, Texas, USA) (USENIX '92). 1--9."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"Sun Microsystems Inc. 2002. Multithreading in the Solaris Operating Environment. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090226174929\/http:\/\/www.sun.com\/software\/whitepapers\/solaris9\/multithread.pdf  Sun Microsystems Inc. 2002. Multithreading in the Solaris Operating Environment. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090226174929\/http:\/\/www.sun.com\/software\/whitepapers\/solaris9\/multithread.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-40889-4_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parco.2005.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPP.2004.1327963"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPS.2008.4536359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"Revised Selected Papers of the 28th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing -","volume":"9519","author":"Zakian Christopher S.","unstructured":"Christopher S. Zakian , Timothy A. Zakian , Abhishek Kulkarni , Buddhika Chamith , and Ryan R. Newton . 2016. Concurrent Cilk: Lazy Promotion from Tasks to Threads in C\/C++ . In Revised Selected Papers of the 28th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing - Volume 9519 (Raleigh, North Carolina, USA) (LCPC '15). 73--90. Christopher S. Zakian, Timothy A. Zakian, Abhishek Kulkarni, Buddhika Chamith, and Ryan R. Newton. 2016. Concurrent Cilk: Lazy Promotion from Tasks to Threads in C\/C++. In Revised Selected Papers of the 28th International Workshop on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing - Volume 9519 (Raleigh, North Carolina, USA) (LCPC '15). 73--90."}],"event":{"name":"PPoPP '21: 26th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming","location":"Virtual Event Republic of Korea","acronym":"PPoPP '21","sponsor":["SIGPLAN ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages","SIGHPC ACM Special Interest Group on High Performance Computing, Special Interest Group on High Performance Computing"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3437801.3441610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3437801.3441610","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3437801.3441610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:17:25Z","timestamp":1750191445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3437801.3441610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3437801.3441610","10.1145\/3437801"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3437801.3441610","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}