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Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Voting is a formal expression of opinion or choice, either positive or negative, made by an individual or a group of individuals. However, conventional voting systems tend to be centralized, which are known to suffer from security and efficiency limitations. Hence, there has been a trend of moving to decentralized voting systems, such as those based on blockchain. The latter is a decentralized digital ledger in a peer-to-peer network, where a copy of the append-only ledger of digitally signed and encrypted transactions is maintained by each participant. Therefore, in this article, we perform a comprehensive review of blockchain-based voting systems and classify them based on a number of features (e.g., the types of blockchain used, the consensus approaches used, and the scale of participants). By systematically analyzing and comparing the different blockchain-based voting systems, we also identify a number of limitations and research opportunities. Hopefully, this survey will provide an in-depth insight into the potential utility of blockchain in voting systems and device future research agenda.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3439725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T06:09:06Z","timestamp":1618639746000},"page":"1-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["The Application of the Blockchain Technology in Voting Systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, China and Cyberspace Security Research Center, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debiao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, China and Cyberspace Security Research Center, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad S.","family":"Obaidat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fellow of IEEE and Fellow of SCS, Founding Dean and Professor, College of Computing and Informatics, University of Sharjah, UAE, King Abdullah II School of Information Technology, University of Jordan, Jordan, and University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pandi","family":"Vijayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University College of Engineering Tindivanam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, China and Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences),Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim-Kwang Raymond","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17148\/IJARCCE.2018.7324"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2886932"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","article-title":"A conceptual secure blockchain-based electronic voting system","volume":"9","author":"Ayed A. 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