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Storage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Modern servers are actively deploying Solid-State Drives (SSDs) thanks to their high throughput and low latency. However, current server architects cannot achieve the full performance potential of commodity SSDs, as SSDs are complex devices designed for specific goals (e.g., latency, throughput, endurance, cost) with their internal mechanisms undisclosed to users. In this article, we propose\n            <jats:italic>SSDcheck<\/jats:italic>\n            , a novel SSD performance model to extract various internal mechanisms and predict the latency of next access to commodity black-box SSDs. We identify key performance-critical features (e.g., garbage collection, write buffering) and find their parameters (i.e., size, threshold) from each SSD by using our novel diagnosis code snippets. Then, SSDcheck constructs a performance model for a target SSD and dynamically manages the model to predict the latency of the next access. In addition, SSDcheck extracts and provides other useful internal mechanisms (e.g., fetch unit in multi-queue SSDs, background tasks triggering idle-time interval) for the storage system to fully exploit SSDs. By using those useful features and the performance model, we propose multiple practical use cases. Our evaluations show that SSDcheck\u2019s performance model is highly accurate, and proposed use cases achieve significant performance improvement in various scenarios.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3440022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T19:14:02Z","timestamp":1623179642000},"page":"1-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Performance Modeling and Practical Use Cases for Black-Box SSDs"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5432-7813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joonsung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanghyun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonsik","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jangwoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Dell EMC. 2020. Dell EMC XtremIO. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.dellemc.com\/en-us\/storage\/xtremio-all-flash.htm.  Dell EMC. 2020. Dell EMC XtremIO. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.dellemc.com\/en-us\/storage\/xtremio-all-flash.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Jens Axboe. 2020. FIO benchmark. Retrieved from https:\/\/github.com\/axboe\/fio.  Jens Axboe. 2020. FIO benchmark. Retrieved from https:\/\/github.com\/axboe\/fio."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"NetApp. 2020. NetApp SolidFire. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.netapp.com\/us\/products\/storage-systems\/all-flash-array\/solidfire-scale-out.aspx.  NetApp. 2020. NetApp SolidFire. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.netapp.com\/us\/products\/storage-systems\/all-flash-array\/solidfire-scale-out.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Pure Storage. 2020. Pure Storage. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.purestorage.com\/.  Pure Storage. 2020. Pure Storage. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.purestorage.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"SNIA. 2020. SNIA IOTTA Repository. Retrieved from http:\/\/iotta.snia.org\/.  SNIA. 2020. SNIA IOTTA Repository. Retrieved from http:\/\/iotta.snia.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Xilinx. 2020. Zynq-7000 XC7Z045. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.xilinx.com\/products\/silicon-devices\/soc\/zynq-7000.html.  Xilinx. 2020. Zynq-7000 XC7Z045. 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