{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T10:14:51Z","timestamp":1781518491162,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":61,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3442381.3449932","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T19:24:51Z","timestamp":1622748291000},"page":"1447-1458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Demystifying Illegal Mobile Gambling Apps"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiapu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BUPT, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanzhe","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"[n.d.]. VirusTotal. https:\/\/www.virustotal.com\/.  [n.d.]. VirusTotal. https:\/\/www.virustotal.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"360\n   .com. [n.d.]. Network Security Research Lab at 360. https:\/\/netlab.360.com\/.  360.com. [n.d.]. Network Security Research Lab at 360. https:\/\/netlab.360.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Alexa. [n.d.]. Alexa top websites. http:\/\/www.alexa.com\/topsites\/category\/Top\/Computers\/Internet\/Domain Names.  Alexa. [n.d.]. Alexa top websites. http:\/\/www.alexa.com\/topsites\/category\/Top\/Computers\/Internet\/Domain Names."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SPW.2016.40"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Online gambling and crime: Causes, controls and controversies","author":"Banks James","unstructured":"James Banks . 2016. Online gambling and crime: Causes, controls and controversies . Routledge . James Banks. 2016. Online gambling and crime: Causes, controls and controversies. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graham Brooks. 2012. Online gambling and money laundering:\u201cviews from the inside\u201d. Journal of Money Laundering Control(2012).  Graham Brooks. 2012. Online gambling and money laundering:\u201cviews from the inside\u201d. Journal of Money Laundering Control(2012).","DOI":"10.1108\/13685201211238052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2594368.2594391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3236024.3236045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3177102.3177113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"25th {USENIX} Security Symposium ({USENIX} Security 16). 245\u2013262.","author":"Du Kun","unstructured":"Kun Du , Hao Yang , Zhou Li , Haixin Duan , and Kehuan Zhang . 2016. The Ever-Changing Labyrinth: A Large-Scale Analysis of Wildcard {DNS} Powered Blackhat {SEO} . In 25th {USENIX} Security Symposium ({USENIX} Security 16). 245\u2013262. Kun Du, Hao Yang, Zhou Li, Haixin Duan, and Kehuan Zhang. 2016. The Ever-Changing Labyrinth: A Large-Scale Analysis of Wildcard {DNS} Powered Blackhat {SEO}. In 25th {USENIX} Security Symposium ({USENIX} Security 16). 245\u2013262."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3419394.3423662"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2386139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2335356.2335360"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47560-8_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"An Analysis of Pre-installed Android Software. In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). 1039\u20131055","author":"Gamba J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"J. Gamba , M. Rashed , A. Razaghpanah , J. Tapiador , and N. Vallina-Rodriguez . 2020 . An Analysis of Pre-installed Android Software. In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). 1039\u20131055 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SP40000. 2020 .00013 J. Gamba, M. Rashed, A. Razaghpanah, J. Tapiador, and N. Vallina-Rodriguez. 2020. An Analysis of Pre-installed Android Software. In 2020 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). 1039\u20131055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SP40000.2020.00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Ren He Haoyu Wang Pengcheng Xia Liu Wang Yuanchun Li Lei Wu Yajin Zhou Xiapu Luo Yao Guo and Guoai Xu. 2020. Beyond the virus: A first look at coronavirus-themed mobile malware. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.14619(2020).  Ren He Haoyu Wang Pengcheng Xia Liu Wang Yuanchun Li Lei Wu Yajin Zhou Xiapu Luo Yao Guo and Guoai Xu. 2020. Beyond the virus: A first look at coronavirus-themed mobile malware. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.14619(2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"AdGuard Home. [n.d.]. AdGuard Home. https:\/\/github.com\/AdguardTeam\/AdGuardHome.  AdGuard Home. [n.d.]. AdGuard Home. https:\/\/github.com\/AdguardTeam\/AdGuardHome."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3366423.3380243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SANER.2019.8668035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Yangyu Hu Haoyu Wang Yajin Zhou Yao Guo Li Li Bingxuan Luo and Fangren Xu. 2018. Dating with scambots: Understanding the ecosystem of fraudulent dating applications. arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.04901(2018).  Yangyu Hu Haoyu Wang Yajin Zhou Yao Guo Li Li Bingxuan Luo and Fangren Xu. 2018. Dating with scambots: Understanding the ecosystem of fraudulent dating applications. arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.04901(2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"iptoasn.com. [n.d.]. Free IP address to ASN database. https:\/\/iptoasn.com\/.  iptoasn.com. [n.d.]. Free IP address to ASN database. https:\/\/iptoasn.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"kaspersky. [n.d.]. Trojan.AndroidOS.Boogr. https:\/\/threats.kaspersky.com\/en\/threat\/Trojan.AndroidOS.Boogr\/.  kaspersky. [n.d.]. Trojan.AndroidOS.Boogr. https:\/\/threats.kaspersky.com\/en\/threat\/Trojan.AndroidOS.Boogr\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"koodous.com. [n.d.]. Koodous. https:\/\/koodous.com\/.  koodous.com. [n.d.]. Koodous. https:\/\/koodous.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SANER.2016.52"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Li Li Jun Gao M\u00e9d\u00e9ric Hurier Pingfan Kong Tegawend\u00e9\u00a0F Bissyand\u00e9 Alexandre Bartel Jacques Klein and Yves Le\u00a0Traon. 2017. AndroZoo++: Collecting Millions of Android Apps and Their Metadata for the Research Community. arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.05281(2017).  Li Li Jun Gao M\u00e9d\u00e9ric Hurier Pingfan Kong Tegawend\u00e9\u00a0F Bissyand\u00e9 Alexandre Bartel Jacques Klein and Yves Le\u00a0Traon. 2017. AndroZoo++: Collecting Millions of Android Apps and Their Metadata for the Research Community. arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.05281(2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2370216.2370290"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"11th {USENIX} Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation ({NSDI} 14). 57\u201370.","author":"Liu Bin","unstructured":"Bin Liu , Suman Nath , Ramesh Govindan , and Jie Liu . 2014. {DECAF} : Detecting and characterizing ad fraud in mobile apps . In 11th {USENIX} Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation ({NSDI} 14). 57\u201370. Bin Liu, Suman Nath, Ramesh Govindan, and Jie Liu. 2014. {DECAF}: Detecting and characterizing ad fraud in mobile apps. In 11th {USENIX} Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation ({NSDI} 14). 57\u201370."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2873587.2873597"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2019.00017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3366423.3380242"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2889160.2889178"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"22nd {USENIX} Security Symposium ({USENIX} Security 13). 527\u2013542.","author":"Pandita Rahul","unstructured":"Rahul Pandita , Xusheng Xiao , Wei Yang , William Enck , and Tao Xie . 2013. {WHYPER} : Towards automating risk assessment of mobile applications . In 22nd {USENIX} Security Symposium ({USENIX} Security 13). 527\u2013542. Rahul Pandita, Xusheng Xiao, Wei Yang, William Enck, and Tao Xie. 2013. {WHYPER}: Towards automating risk assessment of mobile applications. In 22nd {USENIX} Security Symposium ({USENIX} Security 13). 527\u2013542."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.070813.00214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2993419"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Google Play. [n.d.]. Real-Money Gambling Games and Contests. https:\/\/play.google.com\/about\/restricted-content\/gambling\/.  Google Play. [n.d.]. Real-Money Gambling Games and Contests. https:\/\/play.google.com\/about\/restricted-content\/gambling\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3345658"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45719-2_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3368089.3409702"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2590296.2590325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2591971.2592003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE-C.2017.161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2771783.2771795"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308558.3313611"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"2018 IEEE\/ACM 15th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR). IEEE, 231\u2013242","author":"Wang Haoyu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haoyu Wang , Hao Li , Li Li , Yao Guo , and Guoai Xu . 2018 . Why are android apps removed from google play? a large-scale empirical study . In 2018 IEEE\/ACM 15th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR). IEEE, 231\u2013242 . Haoyu Wang, Hao Li, Li Li, Yao Guo, and Guoai Xu. 2018. Why are android apps removed from google play? a large-scale empirical study. In 2018 IEEE\/ACM 15th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR). IEEE, 231\u2013242."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3086677","article-title":"Understanding the purpose of permission use in mobile apps","volume":"35","author":"Wang Haoyu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haoyu Wang , Yuanchun Li , Yao Guo , Yuvraj Agarwal , and Jason\u00a0 I Hong . 2017 . Understanding the purpose of permission use in mobile apps . ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) 35 , 4 (2017), 1 \u2013 40 . Haoyu Wang, Yuanchun Li, Yao Guo, Yuvraj Agarwal, and Jason\u00a0I Hong. 2017. Understanding the purpose of permission use in mobile apps. ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) 35, 4 (2017), 1\u201340.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASE.2019.00035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3038912.3052712"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3278532.3278558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSR.2019.00067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2818000.2818024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng Wang and Georgios\u00a0A Antonopoulos. 2016. Organized crime and illegal gambling: How do illegal gambling enterprises respond to the challenges posed by their illegality in China?Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 49 2(2016) 258\u2013280.  Peng Wang and Georgios\u00a0A Antonopoulos. 2016. Organized crime and illegal gambling: How do illegal gambling enterprises respond to the challenges posed by their illegality in China?Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 49 2(2016) 258\u2013280.","DOI":"10.1177\/0004865815573874"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia. [n.d.]. CNAME record. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNAME_record.  Wikipedia. [n.d.]. CNAME record. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNAME_record."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia. [n.d.]. DBSCAN. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DBSCAN.  Wikipedia. [n.d.]. DBSCAN. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DBSCAN."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia. [n.d.]. Online Gambling. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Online_gambling.  Wikipedia. [n.d.]. Online Gambling. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Online_gambling."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3319535.3363193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359789.3359817"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"LightSense: A Novel Side Channel for Zero-permission Mobile User Tracking. In International Conference on Information Security. Springer, 299\u2013318","author":"Ye Quanqi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quanqi Ye , Yan Zhang , Guangdong Bai , Naipeng Dong , Zhenkai Liang , Jin\u00a0Song Dong , and Haoyu Wang . 2019 . LightSense: A Novel Side Channel for Zero-permission Mobile User Tracking. In International Conference on Information Security. Springer, 299\u2013318 . Quanqi Ye, Yan Zhang, Guangdong Bai, Naipeng Dong, Zhenkai Liang, Jin\u00a0Song Dong, and Haoyu Wang. 2019. LightSense: A Novel Side Channel for Zero-permission Mobile User Tracking. In International Conference on Information Security. Springer, 299\u2013318."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"2017 IEEE\/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion (ICSE-C). 23\u201326","author":"Li Yuanchun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yuanchun Li , Ziyue Yang , Yao Guo , and Xiangqun Chen . 2017 . DroidBot: a lightweight UI-Guided test input generator for android . In 2017 IEEE\/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion (ICSE-C). 23\u201326 . Yuanchun Li, Ziyue Yang, Yao Guo, and Xiangqun Chen. 2017. DroidBot: a lightweight UI-Guided test input generator for android. In 2017 IEEE\/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion (ICSE-C). 23\u201326."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3324884.3416582"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Demystifying Diehard Android Apps. In 2020 35th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE). IEEE, 187\u2013198","author":"Zhou Hao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hao Zhou , Haoyu Wang , Yajin Zhou , Xiapu Luo , Yutian Tang , Lei Xue , and Ting Wang . 2020 . Demystifying Diehard Android Apps. In 2020 35th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE). IEEE, 187\u2013198 . Hao Zhou, Haoyu Wang, Yajin Zhou, Xiapu Luo, Yutian Tang, Lei Xue, and Ting Wang. 2020. Demystifying Diehard Android Apps. In 2020 35th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE). IEEE, 187\u2013198."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2012.16"}],"event":{"name":"WWW '21: The Web Conference 2021","location":"Ljubljana Slovenia","acronym":"WWW '21","sponsor":["SIGWEB ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Web"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3442381.3449932","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3442381.3449932","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:24:32Z","timestamp":1750195472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3442381.3449932"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3442381.3449932","10.1145\/3442381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3442381.3449932","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}