{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T06:07:08Z","timestamp":1771481228917,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":30,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3442381.3450140","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T19:35:17Z","timestamp":1622748917000},"page":"206-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Search Engines vs. Symptom Checkers: A Comparison of their Effectiveness for Online Health Advice"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Cross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Mourad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Zuccon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bevan","family":"Koopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIROBrisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000007110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2009916.2009929"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2010.513054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"The readability of pediatric patient education materials on the World Wide Web. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 155, 7","author":"D\u2019Alessandro M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Donna\u00a0 M D\u2019Alessandro , Peggy Kingsley , and Jill Johnson-West . 2001. The readability of pediatric patient education materials on the World Wide Web. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 155, 7 ( 2001 ), 807\u2013812. Donna\u00a0M D\u2019Alessandro, Peggy Kingsley, and Jill Johnson-West. 2001. The readability of pediatric patient education materials on the World Wide Web. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 155, 7 (2001), 807\u2013812."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32819-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Michella\u00a0Gaye Hill. 2020. Appraisal of free online symptom checkers and applications for self-diagnosis and triage: An Australian evaluation. (2020).  Michella\u00a0Gaye Hill. 2020. Appraisal of free online symptom checkers and applications for self-diagnosis and triage: An Australian evaluation. (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Semigran HL Linder JA Gidengil C and Mehrotra A. 2015. Evaluation of symptom checkers for self diagnosis and triage: audit study. BMJ 351(2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.h3480  Semigran HL Linder JA Gidengil C and Mehrotra A. 2015. Evaluation of symptom checkers for self diagnosis and triage: audit study. BMJ 351(2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.h3480","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h3480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15456870903554916"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Jimmy Guido Zuccon Gianluca Demartini and Bevan Koopman. 2019. Health Cards to Assist Decision Making in Consumer Health Search. In AMIA\u201919.  Jimmy Guido Zuccon Gianluca Demartini and Bevan Koopman. 2019. Health Cards to Assist Decision Making in Consumer Health Search. In AMIA\u201919."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diane Kelly 2009. Methods for evaluating interactive information retrieval systems with users. Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Information Retrieval 3 1\u20132(2009) 1\u2013224.  Diane Kelly 2009. Methods for evaluating interactive information retrieval systems with users. Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Information Retrieval 3 1\u20132(2009) 1\u2013224.","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diane Kelly Jaime Arguello Ashlee Edwards and Wan-ching Wu. 2015. Development and evaluation of search tasks for IIR experiments using a cognitive complexity framework. In ICTIR\u201915. ACM 101\u2013110.  Diane Kelly Jaime Arguello Ashlee Edwards and Wan-ching Wu. 2015. Development and evaluation of search tasks for IIR experiments using a cognitive complexity framework. In ICTIR\u201915. ACM 101\u2013110.","DOI":"10.1145\/2808194.2809465"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-28577-7_26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M2449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Annie\u00a0YS Lau and Enrico\u00a0W Coiera. 2007. Do people experience cognitive biases while searching for information?Journal of American Medical Informatics Association 14 5(2007) 599\u2013608.  Annie\u00a0YS Lau and Enrico\u00a0W Coiera. 2007. Do people experience cognitive biases while searching for information?Journal of American Medical Informatics Association 14 5(2007) 599\u2013608.","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M2411"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1855210.1855217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39062-3_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2924"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2018-0009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Should you search the internet for information about your acute symptom?Telemedicine and e-Health 18, 3","author":"North Frederick","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frederick North , William\u00a0 J Ward , Prathibha Varkey , and Sidna\u00a0 M Tulledge-Scheitel . 2012. Should you search the internet for information about your acute symptom?Telemedicine and e-Health 18, 3 ( 2012 ), 213\u2013218. Frederick North, William\u00a0J Ward, Prathibha Varkey, and Sidna\u00a0M Tulledge-Scheitel. 2012. Should you search the internet for information about your acute symptom?Telemedicine and e-Health 18, 3 (2012), 213\u2013218."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Working Notes of Conference and Labs of the Evaluation (CLEF) Forum. CEUR Workshop Proceedings.","author":"Palotti Joao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Joao Palotti , Guido Zuccon , Jimmy, Pavel Pecina , Mihai Lupu , Lorraine Goeuriot , Liadh Kelly , and Allan Hanbury . 2017 . Clef 2017 task overview: The ir task at the ehealth evaluation lab . In Working Notes of Conference and Labs of the Evaluation (CLEF) Forum. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. Joao Palotti, Guido Zuccon, Jimmy, Pavel Pecina, Mihai Lupu, Lorraine Goeuriot, Liadh Kelly, and Allan Hanbury. 2017. Clef 2017 task overview: The ir task at the ehealth evaluation lab. In Working Notes of Conference and Labs of the Evaluation (CLEF) Forum. CEUR Workshop Proceedings."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Web-Based Information-Seeking Behaviors: A Mixed-Method Observational Study. JMIR 18, 6","author":"Cheong-Iao Pang Patrick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patrick Cheong-Iao Pang , Shanton Chang , Karin Verspoor , and Jon Pearce . 2016. Designing Health Websites Based on Users \u2019 Web-Based Information-Seeking Behaviors: A Mixed-Method Observational Study. JMIR 18, 6 ( 2016 ). Patrick Cheong-Iao Pang, Shanton Chang, Karin Verspoor, and Jon Pearce. 2016. Designing Health Websites Based on Users\u2019 Web-Based Information-Seeking Behaviors: A Mixed-Method Observational Study. JMIR 18, 6 (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SERA.2017.7965714"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1672957.1672975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Fox S and Duggan M. 2013. Health online 2013. Technical Report. Pew Research Center.  Fox S and Duggan M. 2013. Health online 2013. Technical Report. Pew Research Center."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Ryen White. 2013. Beliefs and biases in web search. In SIGIR\u201913. ACM 3\u201312.  Ryen White. 2013. Beliefs and biases in web search. In SIGIR\u201913. ACM 3\u201312."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1629096.1629101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"AMIA\u201909, Vol.\u00a02009","author":"White W","unstructured":"Ryen\u00a0 W White and Eric Horvitz . 2009. Experiences with web search on medical concerns and self diagnosis . In AMIA\u201909, Vol.\u00a02009 . American Medical Informatics Association . Ryen\u00a0W White and Eric Horvitz. 2009. Experiences with web search on medical concerns and self diagnosis. In AMIA\u201909, Vol.\u00a02009. American Medical Informatics Association."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic inaccuracy of smartphone applications for melanoma detection. JAMA dermatology 149, 4","author":"Wolf A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Joel\u00a0 A Wolf , Jacqueline\u00a0 F Moreau , Oleg Akilov , Timothy Patton , Joseph\u00a0 C English , Jonhan Ho , and Laura\u00a0 K Ferris . 2013. Diagnostic inaccuracy of smartphone applications for melanoma detection. JAMA dermatology 149, 4 ( 2013 ), 422\u2013426. Joel\u00a0A Wolf, Jacqueline\u00a0F Moreau, Oleg Akilov, Timothy Patton, Joseph\u00a0C English, Jonhan Ho, and Laura\u00a0K Ferris. 2013. Diagnostic inaccuracy of smartphone applications for melanoma detection. JAMA dermatology 149, 4 (2013), 422\u2013426."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2003.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16354-3_62"}],"event":{"name":"WWW '21: The Web Conference 2021","location":"Ljubljana Slovenia","acronym":"WWW '21","sponsor":["SIGWEB ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Web"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3442381.3450140","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3442381.3450140","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:24:28Z","timestamp":1750195468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3442381.3450140"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3442381.3450140","10.1145\/3442381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3442381.3450140","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}