{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T10:11:30Z","timestamp":1773655890113,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":22,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3443279.3443299","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T22:50:44Z","timestamp":1612219844000},"page":"18-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Machine Learning-based Automated Essay Scoring System for Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK)"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China"}]},{"given":"Yunchun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Google Translate and DeepL: Breaking Taboos in Translator Training. In 1st International Conference on Research in Multilingualism: Innovation and New Challenges (Universidad de Oviedo, March 14 - 16","author":"Ruth B.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruth , B. and Mar\u00eda-Jos\u00e9 ., V.S. 2018 . Google Translate and DeepL: Breaking Taboos in Translator Training. In 1st International Conference on Research in Multilingualism: Innovation and New Challenges (Universidad de Oviedo, March 14 - 16 , 2018). Ruth, B. and Mar\u00eda-Jos\u00e9., V.S. 2018. Google Translate and DeepL: Breaking Taboos in Translator Training. In 1st International Conference on Research in Multilingualism: Innovation and New Challenges (Universidad de Oviedo, March 14 - 16, 2018)."},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_2_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dikli S. and Bleyle S. 2014. Automated Essay Scoring feedback for second language writers: How does it compare to instructor feedback? Assessing Writing (October 2014). 22 1--17. DOI= https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asw.2014.03.006. 10.1016\/j.asw.2014.03.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asw.2014.03.006"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_2_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dikli S. and Bleyle S. 2014. Automated Essay Scoring feedback for second language writers: How does it compare to instructor feedback? Assessing Writing (October 2014). 22 1--17. DOI= https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asw.2014.03.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asw.2014.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proc. 28th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Ke Z.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ke , Z. and Ng , V . 2019. Automated essay scoring: A survey of the state of the art . In Proc. 28th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence ( Macao, China, August, 10 - 16 , 2019 ). 6300--6308. Ke, Z. and Ng, V. 2019. Automated essay scoring: A survey of the state of the art. In Proc. 28th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Macao, China, August, 10 - 16, 2019). 6300--6308."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","article-title":"Automated Essay Scoring Versus Human Scoring: A Comparative Study","author":"Wang J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang , J. and Brown , M. 2007 . Automated Essay Scoring Versus Human Scoring: A Comparative Study . Journal of Technology Learning & Assessment ( October , 2007). 6, 2, 1--28. Wang, J. and Brown, M. 2007. Automated Essay Scoring Versus Human Scoring: A Comparative Study. Journal of Technology Learning & Assessment (October, 2007). 6, 2, 1--28.","journal-title":"Journal of Technology Learning & Assessment"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Educational Data Mining","author":"Yu J.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu , J. , Bor-Chen , K. , and Kai-Chih , P . 2017. Developing Chinese automated essay scoring model to assess college students' essay quality . In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Educational Data Mining ( Wuhan, China, June, 25 - 28 , 2017 ). 430--432. Yu, J., Bor-Chen, K., and Kai-Chih, P. 2017. Developing Chinese automated essay scoring model to assess college students' essay quality. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (Wuhan, China, June, 25 - 28, 2017). 430--432."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dasgupta T. Naskar A. Dey L. and Saha R. 2018. Augmenting Textual Qualitative Features in Deep Convolution Recurrent Neural Network for Automatic Essay Scoring. In proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Natural Language Processing Techniques for Educational Applications. 93--102.  Dasgupta T. Naskar A. Dey L. and Saha R. 2018. Augmenting Textual Qualitative Features in Deep Convolution Recurrent Neural Network for Automatic Essay Scoring. In proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Natural Language Processing Techniques for Educational Applications. 93--102.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-3713"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Automatic Features for Essay Scoring - An Empirical Study. Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. D6-1115","author":"Dong F.","unstructured":"Dong , F. and Zhang , Y . 2016 . Automatic Features for Essay Scoring - An Empirical Study. Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. D6-1115 . Dong, F. and Zhang, Y. 2016. Automatic Features for Essay Scoring - An Empirical Study. Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. D6-1115."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IALP.2018.8629256"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (October 19","author":"Li X.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li , X. , Chen , M. , Nie , J. , Liu , Z. , Feng , Z. , and Cai , Y . 2018. Coherence-based automated essay scoring using self-attention . Lecture Notes in Computer Science (October 19 , 2018 ). 11221 LNAI, 386--397. DOI= http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01716-3_32. 10.1007\/978-3-030-01716-3_32 Li, X., Chen, M., Nie, J., Liu, Z., Feng, Z., and Cai, Y. 2018. Coherence-based automated essay scoring using self-attention. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (October 19, 2018). 11221 LNAI, 386--397. DOI= http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-01716-3_32."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"2017 International. Conference on Advanced Control Circuits Systems (ACCS) Systems & 2017 Intl. Conf. on New Paradigms in Electronics & Information Technology (PEIT). 212--217","author":"Eid S.M.","unstructured":"Eid , S.M. , and Wanas , N. M . 2017. Automated essay scoring linguistic feature: Comparative study . 2017 International. Conference on Advanced Control Circuits Systems (ACCS) Systems & 2017 Intl. Conf. on New Paradigms in Electronics & Information Technology (PEIT). 212--217 . Eid, S.M., and Wanas, N. M. 2017. Automated essay scoring linguistic feature: Comparative study. 2017 International. Conference on Advanced Control Circuits Systems (ACCS) Systems & 2017 Intl. Conf. on New Paradigms in Electronics & Information Technology (PEIT). 212--217."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Deep Learning in Automated Essay Scoring. International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (June 11 - 15","author":"Boulanger D.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boulanger , D. and Kumar , V . 2018 . Deep Learning in Automated Essay Scoring. International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (June 11 - 15 , 2018 ). 294--299. DOI= http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-91464-0_30. 10.1007\/978-3-319-91464-0_30 Boulanger, D. and Kumar, V. 2018. Deep Learning in Automated Essay Scoring. International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (June 11 - 15, 2018). 294--299. DOI= http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-91464-0_30."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","first-page":"1766306","article-title":"An Automated Grader for Chinese Essay Combining Shallow and Deep Semantic Attributes","volume":"7","author":"Yang Y.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang , Y. , Xia L. , and Zhao , Q. 2019 . An Automated Grader for Chinese Essay Combining Shallow and Deep Semantic Attributes . IEEE Access , 7 , 1766306 -- 1176316 . DOI= http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2957582. 10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2957582 Yang, Y., Xia L., and Zhao, Q. 2019. An Automated Grader for Chinese Essay Combining Shallow and Deep Semantic Attributes. IEEE Access, 7, 1766306--176316. DOI= http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2957582.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-017-0142-3"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_16_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao S. Xu Y. and Ke D. 2016. SCESS: a WFSA-based automated simplified Chinese essay scoring system with incremental latent semantic analysis. Natural Language Engineering (March. 2016) 22 2 291--319. DOI= http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/S1351324914000138. 10.1017\/S1351324914000138","DOI":"10.1017\/S1351324914000138"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_16_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao S. Xu Y. and Ke D. 2016. SCESS: a WFSA-based automated simplified Chinese essay scoring system with incremental latent semantic analysis. Natural Language Engineering (March. 2016) 22 2 291--319. DOI= http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/S1351324914000138.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1351324914000138"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_17_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin C. and He B. 2015. Utilizing Latent Semantic Word Representations for Automated Essay Scoring. In IEEE Intl. Conf. on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing & IEEE Intl. Conf. on Automonic & Trusted Computing & IEEE Intl. Conf. on Scalable Computing & Communications & Its Associated Workshops (Beijing China August 10 - 14 2015). 1101--1108. DOI= http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/UIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP.2015.202. 10.1109\/UIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP.2015.202","DOI":"10.1109\/UIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP.2015.202"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_1_17_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin C. and He B. 2015. Utilizing Latent Semantic Word Representations for Automated Essay Scoring. In IEEE Intl. Conf. on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing & IEEE Intl. Conf. on Automonic & Trusted Computing & IEEE Intl. Conf. on Scalable Computing & Communications & Its Associated Workshops (Beijing China August 10 - 14 2015). 1101--1108. DOI= http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/UIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP.2015.202.","DOI":"10.1109\/UIC-ATC-ScalCom-CBDCom-IoP.2015.202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","first-page":"429","article-title":"Automated essay scoring using incremental latent semantic analysis","volume":"9","author":"Zhang M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang , M. , Hao , S. , Xu , Y. , Ke , D. , and Peng , H. 2014 . Automated essay scoring using incremental latent semantic analysis . Journal of Software. 9 , 2, 429 -- 436 . DOI= http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4304\/jsw.9.2.429--436. 10.4304\/jsw.9.2.429--436 Zhang, M., Hao, S., Xu, Y., Ke, D., and Peng, H. 2014. Automated essay scoring using incremental latent semantic analysis. Journal of Software. 9, 2, 429--436. DOI= http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4304\/jsw.9.2.429--436.","journal-title":"Journal of Software."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3396452.3396460"}],"event":{"name":"NLPIR 2020: 4th International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval","location":"Seoul Republic of Korea","acronym":"NLPIR 2020","sponsor":["FernUniversit\u00e4t in Hagen"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3443279.3443299","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3443279.3443299","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:03:04Z","timestamp":1750197784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3443279.3443299"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3443279.3443299","10.1145\/3443279"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3443279.3443299","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}