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Our novel shape deformation method uses plastic strains and the finite element method to successfully model shapes undergoing large and\/or anisotropic strains, specified by sparse point constraints on the boundary of the object. We extensively compare our method to standard second-order shape deformation methods, variational methods, and surface-based methods, and demonstrate that our method avoids the spikiness, wiggliness, and other artifacts of previous methods. We demonstrate how to perform such shape deformation both for attached and un-attached (\u201cfree flying\u201d) objects, using a novel method to solve linear systems with singular matrices with a known nullspace. Although our method is applicable to general large-strain shape deformation modeling, we use it to create personalized 3D triangle and volumetric meshes of human organs, based on magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scans. Given a medically accurate anatomy template of a generic individual, we optimize the geometry of the organ to match the magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan of a specific individual. Our examples include human hand muscles, a liver, a hip bone, and a gluteus medius muscle (\u201chip abductor\u201d).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3443703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T20:08:32Z","timestamp":1624306112000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Modeling of Personalized Anatomy Using Plastic Strains"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Bohan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Matcuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jernej","family":"Barbi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Vision, Modeling & Visualization","author":"Achenbach Jascha","key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","unstructured":"Jascha Achenbach , Eduard Zell , and Mario Botsch . 2015. 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