{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T02:33:20Z","timestamp":1784342000133,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":116,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005801","name":"Facebook","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Facebook Research Faculty Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Facebook Research Faculty Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002418","name":"Intel Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Intel Faculty Rising Star Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Intel Faculty Rising Star Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF (National Science Foundation)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSR-1704742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSR-1704742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004318","name":"Microsoft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Microsoft Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Microsoft Research Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004318","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3445814.3446700","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,11]],"date-time":"2021-04-11T17:06:26Z","timestamp":1618160786000},"page":"135-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Sage: practical and scalable ML-driven performance debugging in microservices"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2697-9950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Gan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sundar","family":"Dev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7779-4134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Delimitrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"\"Apache thrift \" https:\/\/thrift.apache.org.  \"Apache thrift \" https:\/\/thrift.apache.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"\"Decomposing twitter: Adventures in service-oriented architecture \" https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/InfoQ\/decomposing-twitter-adventures-in-serviceoriented-architecture.  \"Decomposing twitter: Adventures in service-oriented architecture \" https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/InfoQ\/decomposing-twitter-adventures-in-serviceoriented-architecture."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"\"giltene\/wrk2 \" https:\/\/github.com\/giltene\/wrk2.  \"giltene\/wrk2 \" https:\/\/github.com\/giltene\/wrk2."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"\"google\/cadvisor \" https:\/\/github.com\/google\/cadvisor.  \"google\/cadvisor \" https:\/\/github.com\/google\/cadvisor."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"\"grpc: A high performance open-source universal rpc framework \" https:\/\/grpc.io\/.  \"grpc: A high performance open-source universal rpc framework \" https:\/\/grpc.io\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"\"Inside azure search: Chaos engineering \" https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/inside-azure-search-chaos-engineering\/.  \"Inside azure search: Chaos engineering \" https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/blog\/inside-azure-search-chaos-engineering\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"\"Jaeger: open source end-to-end distributed tracing \" https:\/\/www.jaegertracing.io\/.  \"Jaeger: open source end-to-end distributed tracing \" https:\/\/www.jaegertracing.io\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"\"Opentracing \" https:\/\/opentracing.io\/.  \"Opentracing \" https:\/\/opentracing.io\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"\"Prometheus \" https:\/\/prometheus.io\/.  \"Prometheus \" https:\/\/prometheus.io\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"\"prometheus\/blackbox_exporter \" https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/blackbox_exporter.  \"prometheus\/blackbox_exporter \" https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/blackbox_exporter."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"\"prometheus\/node_exporter \" https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/node_exporter.  \"prometheus\/node_exporter \" https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/node_exporter."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"\"Spring framework \" https:\/\/spring.io\/projects\/spring-framework.  \"Spring framework \" https:\/\/spring.io\/projects\/spring-framework."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"\"stress-ng \" https:\/\/wiki.ubuntu.com\/Kernel\/Reference\/stress-ng.  \"stress-ng \" https:\/\/wiki.ubuntu.com\/Kernel\/Reference\/stress-ng."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"\"tc-netem(8) - linux manual page \" http:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man8\/tc-netem.8.html.  \"tc-netem(8) - linux manual page \" http:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man8\/tc-netem.8.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"\"What facebook has learned from regularly shutting down entire data centers \" https:\/\/www.datacenterknowledge.com\/archives\/2016\/08\/31\/facebook-learned-regularly-shutting-entire-data-centers.  \"What facebook has learned from regularly shutting down entire data centers \" https:\/\/www.datacenterknowledge.com\/archives\/2016\/08\/31\/facebook-learned-regularly-shutting-entire-data-centers."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"\"Zipkin \" http:\/\/zipkin.io.  \"Zipkin \" http:\/\/zipkin.io."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"\"The evolution of microservices \" https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adriancockcroft\/evolution-of-microservices-craft-conference 2016.  \"The evolution of microservices \" https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adriancockcroft\/evolution-of-microservices-craft-conference 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"workshop: Why, what, and how to get there,\" http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adriancockcroft\/microservices-workshop-craft-conference.","unstructured":"\"Microservices workshop: Why, what, and how to get there,\" http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adriancockcroft\/microservices-workshop-craft-conference. \"Microservices workshop: Why, what, and how to get there,\" http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/adriancockcroft\/microservices-workshop-craft-conference."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/945445.945454"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"\"Amazon ec2 \" http:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/ec2\/.  \"Amazon ec2 \" http:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/ec2\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jtsa.12430"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","first-page":"417","volume-title":"Performance analysis of cloud applications,\" in 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 18)","author":"Ardelean D.","year":"2018","unstructured":"D. Ardelean , A. Diwan , and C. Erdman , \" Performance analysis of cloud applications,\" in 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 18) . Renton, WA : USENIX Association , Apr. 2018 , pp. 405? 417 . [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi18\/presentation\/ardelean D. Ardelean, A. Diwan, and C. Erdman, \"Performance analysis of cloud applications,\" in 15th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 18). Renton, WA: USENIX Association, Apr. 2018, pp. 405?417. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi18\/presentation\/ardelean"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","first-page":"320","volume-title":"X-ray: Automating root-cause diagnosis of performance anomalies in production software,\" in Presented as part of the 10th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 12)","author":"Attariyan M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"M. Attariyan , M. Chow , and J. Flinn , \" X-ray: Automating root-cause diagnosis of performance anomalies in production software,\" in Presented as part of the 10th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 12) . Hollywood, CA : USENIX , 2012 , pp. 307? 320 . M. Attariyan, M. Chow, and J. Flinn, \"X-ray: Automating root-cause diagnosis of performance anomalies in production software,\" in Presented as part of the 10th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 12). Hollywood, CA: USENIX, 2012, pp. 307?320."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Azure Monitor documentation","author":"Azure M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"M. Azure , Azure Monitor documentation , 2020 . [Online]. Available: https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/azure\/azure-monitor\/ M. Azure, Azure Monitor documentation, 2020. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/azure\/azure-monitor\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1643608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2016.60"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","first-page":"2187","article-title":"A scoring function for learning bayesian networks based on mutual information and conditional independence tests","volume":"7","author":"Campos L. M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"L. M. d. Campos , \" A scoring function for learning bayesian networks based on mutual information and conditional independence tests ,\" Journal of Machine Learning Research , vol. 7 , no. Oct, pp. 2149? 2187 , 2006 . L. M. d. Campos, \"A scoring function for learning bayesian networks based on mutual information and conditional independence tests,\" Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 7, no. Oct, pp. 2149?2187, 2006.","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","first-page":"1895","volume-title":"Causeinfer: Automatic and distributed performance diagnosis with hierarchical causality graph in large distributed systems,\" in IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","author":"Chen P.","year":"2014","unstructured":"P. Chen , Y. Qi , P. Zheng , and D. Hou , \" Causeinfer: Automatic and distributed performance diagnosis with hierarchical causality graph in large distributed systems,\" in IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications , 2014 , pp. 1887? 1895 . P. Chen, Y. Qi, P. Zheng, and D. Hou, \"Causeinfer: Automatic and distributed performance diagnosis with hierarchical causality graph in large distributed systems,\" in IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, 2014, pp. 1887?1895."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"April","author":"Chen S.","year":"2019","unstructured":"S. Chen , C. Delimitrou , and J. F. Martinez , \" PARTIES: QoS-Aware Resource Partitioning for Multiple Interactive Services,\" in Proceedings of the Twenty Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS) , April 2019 . S. Chen, C. Delimitrou, and J. F. Martinez, \"PARTIES: QoS-Aware Resource Partitioning for Multiple Interactive Services,\" in Proceedings of the Twenty Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS), April 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Automating network application dependency discovery: Experiences, limitations, and new solutions,\" in Proc. of OSDI","author":"Chen X.","year":"2008","unstructured":"X. Chen , M. Zhang , M. Mao , and P. Bahl , \" Automating network application dependency discovery: Experiences, limitations, and new solutions,\" in Proc. of OSDI . 2008 . X. Chen, M. Zhang, M. Mao, and P. Bahl, \"Automating network application dependency discovery: Experiences, limitations, and new solutions,\" in Proc. of OSDI. 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2200\/S00832ED1V01Y201802AIM037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Cherkasova K. Ozonat Ningfang Mi J. Symons and E. Smirni \"Anomaly? application change? or workload change? towards automated detection of application performance anomaly and change \" in 2008 IEEE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks With FTCS and DCC (DSN) 2008 pp. 452?461.  L. Cherkasova K. Ozonat Ningfang Mi J. Symons and E. Smirni \"Anomaly? application change? or workload change? towards automated detection of application performance anomaly and change \" in 2008 IEEE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks With FTCS and DCC (DSN) 2008 pp. 452?461.","DOI":"10.1109\/DSN.2008.4630116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","first-page":"231","volume-title":"OSDI'14","author":"Chow M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"M. Chow , D. Meisner , J. Flinn , D. Peek , and T. F. Wenisch , \" The mystery machine: End-to-end performance analysis of large-scale internet services,\" in Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, ser . OSDI'14 . Berkeley, CA, USA: USENIX Association , 2014 , pp. 217? 231 . M. Chow, D. Meisner, J. Flinn, D. Peek, and T. F. Wenisch, \"The mystery machine: End-to-end performance analysis of large-scale internet services,\" in Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, ser. OSDI'14. Berkeley, CA, USA: USENIX Association, 2014, pp. 217?231."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Cloud Monitoring documentation","author":"Cloud G.","year":"2020","unstructured":"G. Cloud , Cloud Monitoring documentation , 2020 . [Online]. Available: https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/monitoring\/docs\/apis G. Cloud, Cloud Monitoring documentation, 2020. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/monitoring\/docs\/apis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"HPL-2004-183","author":"Cohen I.","year":"2004","unstructured":"I. Cohen , M. Goldszmidt , T. Kelly , J. Symons , and J. S. Chase , \" Correlating instrumentation data to system states:a building block for automated diagnosis and control,\" in HP Laboratories Palo Alto , HPL-2004-183 , October 19, 2004 . I. Cohen, M. Goldszmidt, T. Kelly, J. Symons, and J. S. Chase, \"Correlating instrumentation data to system states:a building block for automated diagnosis and control,\" in HP Laboratories Palo Alto, HPL-2004-183, October 19, 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3132747.3132772"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"The tail at scale,\" in CACM","author":"Dean J.","unstructured":"J. Dean and L. A. Barroso , \" The tail at scale,\" in CACM , Vol. 56 No. 2. J. Dean and L. A. Barroso, \"The tail at scale,\" in CACM, Vol. 56 No. 2."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Delimitrou and C. Kozyrakis \"Paragon: QoS-Aware Scheduling for Heterogeneous Datacenters \" in Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS). Houston TX USA 2013.  C. Delimitrou and C. Kozyrakis \"Paragon: QoS-Aware Scheduling for Heterogeneous Datacenters \" in Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS). Houston TX USA 2013.","DOI":"10.1145\/2451116.2451125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"31 Issue 4","author":"Computer ACM","year":"2013","unstructured":"???, \"QoS-Aware Scheduling in Heterogeneous Datacenters with Paragon,\" in ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS), Vol. 31 Issue 4 . December 2013 . ???, \"QoS-Aware Scheduling in Heterogeneous Datacenters with Paragon,\" in ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS), Vol. 31 Issue 4. December 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"??? \"Quality-of-Service-Aware Scheduling in Heterogeneous Datacenters with Paragon \" in IEEE Micro Special Issue on Top Picks from the Computer Architecture Conferences. May\/June 2014.  ??? \"Quality-of-Service-Aware Scheduling in Heterogeneous Datacenters with Paragon \" in IEEE Micro Special Issue on Top Picks from the Computer Architecture Conferences. May\/June 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Salt Lake City","year":"2014","unstructured":"???, \"Quasar : Resource-Efficient and QoS-Aware Cluster Management,\" in Proc. of ASPLOS . Salt Lake City , 2014 . ???, \"Quasar: Resource-Efficient and QoS-Aware Cluster Management,\" in Proc. of ASPLOS. Salt Lake City, 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"April","year":"2016","unstructured":"???, \"HCloud : Resource-Efficient Provisioning in Shared Cloud Systems,\" in Proceedings of the Twenty First International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS) , April 2016 . ???, \"HCloud: Resource-Efficient Provisioning in Shared Cloud Systems,\" in Proceedings of the Twenty First International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS), April 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"The Cloud,\" in Proc. of the Twenty Second International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS)","year":"2017","unstructured":"???, \"Bolt : I Know What You Did Last Summer ... In The Cloud,\" in Proc. of the Twenty Second International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS) , 2017 . ???, \"Bolt: I Know What You Did Last Summer... In The Cloud,\" in Proc. of the Twenty Second International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS), 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"August","author":"Delimitrou C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"C. Delimitrou , D. Sanchez , and C. Kozyrakis , \" Tarcil: Reconciling Scheduling Speed and Quality in Large Shared Clusters,\" in Proceedings of the Sixth ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC) , August 2015 . C. Delimitrou, D. Sanchez, and C. Kozyrakis, \"Tarcil: Reconciling Scheduling Speed and Quality in Large Shared Clusters,\" in Proceedings of the Sixth ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC), August 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Architecture of systemtap: a linux trace\/probe tool","author":"Eigler F. C.","year":"2005","unstructured":"F. C. Eigler , V. Prasad , W. Cohen , H. Nguyen , M. Hunt , J. Keniston , and B. Chen , \" Architecture of systemtap: a linux trace\/probe tool ,\" 2005 . F. C. Eigler, V. Prasad, W. Cohen, H. Nguyen, M. Hunt, J. Keniston, and B. Chen, \"Architecture of systemtap: a linux trace\/probe tool,\" 2005."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","first-page":"20","volume-title":"NSDI'07","author":"Fonseca R.","year":"2007","unstructured":"R. Fonseca , G. Porter , R. H. Katz , S. Shenker , and I. Stoica , \" X-trace: A pervasive network tracing framework,\" in Proceedings of the 4th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design & Implementation, ser . NSDI'07 . Berkeley, CA, USA: USENIX Association , 2007 , pp. 20? 20 . R. Fonseca, G. Porter, R. H. Katz, S. Shenker, and I. Stoica, \"X-trace: A pervasive network tracing framework,\" in Proceedings of the 4th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design & Implementation, ser. NSDI'07. Berkeley, CA, USA: USENIX Association, 2007, pp. 20?20."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"July","author":"Gan Y.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Y. Gan , M. Pancholi , D. Cheng , S. Hu , Y. He , and C. Delimitrou , \" Seer: Leveraging Big Data to Navigate the Complexity of Cloud Debugging,\" in Proceedings of the Tenth USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Cloud Computing (HotCloud) , July 2018 . Y. Gan, M. Pancholi, D. Cheng, S. Hu, Y. He, and C. Delimitrou, \"Seer: Leveraging Big Data to Navigate the Complexity of Cloud Debugging,\" in Proceedings of the Tenth USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics in Cloud Computing (HotCloud), July 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"April","author":"Gan Y.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Y. Gan , Y. Zhang , D. Cheng , A. Shetty , P. Rathi , N. Katarki , A. Bruno , J. Hu , B. Ritchken , B. Jackson , K. Hu , M. Pancholi , Y. He , B. Clancy , C. Colen , F. Wen , C. Leung , S. Wang , L. Zaruvinsky , M. Espinosa , R. Lin , Z. Liu , J. Padilla , and C. Delimitrou , \" An Open-Source Benchmark Suite for Microservices and Their Hardware-Software Implications for Cloud and Edge Systems,\" in Proceedings of the Twenty Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS) , April 2019 . Y. Gan, Y. Zhang, D. Cheng, A. Shetty, P. Rathi, N. Katarki, A. Bruno, J. Hu, B. Ritchken, B. Jackson, K. Hu, M. Pancholi, Y. He, B. Clancy, C. Colen, F. Wen, C. Leung, S. Wang, L. Zaruvinsky, M. Espinosa, R. Lin, Z. Liu, J. Padilla, and C. Delimitrou, \"An Open-Source Benchmark Suite for Microservices and Their Hardware-Software Implications for Cloud and Edge Systems,\" in Proceedings of the Twenty Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS), April 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"April","author":"Gan Y.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Y. Gan , Y. Zhang , K. Hu , Y. He , M. Pancholi , D. Cheng , and C. Delimitrou , \" Seer: Leveraging Big Data to Navigate the Complexity of Performance Debugging in Cloud Microservices,\" in Proceedings of the Twenty Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS) , April 2019 . Y. Gan, Y. Zhang, K. Hu, Y. He, M. Pancholi, D. Cheng, and C. Delimitrou, \"Seer: Leveraging Big Data to Navigate the Complexity of Performance Debugging in Cloud Microservices,\" in Proceedings of the Twenty Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS), April 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","first-page":"64","volume-title":"Adaptive, model-driven autoscaling for cloud applications,\" in 11th International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC 14)","author":"Gandhi A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"A. Gandhi , P. Dube , A. Karve , A. Kochut , and L. Zhang , \" Adaptive, model-driven autoscaling for cloud applications,\" in 11th International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC 14) . Philadelphia, PA : USENIX Association , Jun. 2014 , pp. 57? 64 . [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/icac14\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/gandhi A. Gandhi, P. Dube, A. Karve, A. Kochut, and L. Zhang, \"Adaptive, model-driven autoscaling for cloud applications,\" in 11th International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC 14). Philadelphia, PA: USENIX Association, Jun. 2014, pp. 57?64. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/icac14\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/gandhi"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(86)90067-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","unstructured":"\"Google container engine \" https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/container-engine.  \"Google container engine \" https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/container-engine."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1996289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","first-page":"166","volume-title":"Automatically finding performance problems with feedback-directed learning software testing,\" in 2012 34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)","author":"Grechanik M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"M. Grechanik , C. Fu , and Q. Xie , \" Automatically finding performance problems with feedback-directed learning software testing,\" in 2012 34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) , 2012 , pp. 156? 166 . M. Grechanik, C. Fu, and Q. Xie, \"Automatically finding performance problems with feedback-directed learning software testing,\" in 2012 34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), 2012, pp. 156?166."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","volume-title":"Sirius: An open end-to-end voice and vision personal assistant and its implications for future warehouse scale computers,\" in Proc. of ASPLOS","author":"Hauswald J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"J. Hauswald , M. A. Laurenzano , Y. Zhang , and , \" Sirius: An open end-to-end voice and vision personal assistant and its implications for future warehouse scale computers,\" in Proc. of ASPLOS , 2015 . J. Hauswald, M. A. Laurenzano, Y. Zhang, and et al., \"Sirius: An open end-to-end voice and vision personal assistant and its implications for future warehouse scale computers,\" in Proc. of ASPLOS, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","volume-title":"ICLR 2017, Toulon, France, April 24-26, 2017, Conference Track Proceedings. OpenReview.net","author":"Higgins I.","year":"2017","unstructured":"I. Higgins , L. Matthey , A. Pal , C. Burgess , X. Glorot , M. Botvinick , S. Mohamed , and A. Lerchner , \" beta-vae: Learning basic visual concepts with a constrained variational framework,\" in 5th International Conference on Learning Representations , ICLR 2017, Toulon, France, April 24-26, 2017, Conference Track Proceedings. OpenReview.net , 2017 . [Online]. Available : https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=Sy2fzU9gl I. Higgins, L. Matthey, A. Pal, C. Burgess, X. Glorot, M. Botvinick, S. Mohamed, and A. Lerchner, \"beta-vae: Learning basic visual concepts with a constrained variational framework,\" in 5th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2017, Toulon, France, April 24-26, 2017, Conference Track Proceedings. OpenReview.net, 2017. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=Sy2fzU9gl"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"fall 2018 ed","author":"Hitchcock C.","year":"2018","unstructured":"C. Hitchcock , \"Probabilistic causation,\" in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy , fall 2018 ed ., E. N. Zalta, Ed. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University , 2018 . C. Hitchcock, \"Probabilistic causation,\" in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, fall 2018 ed., E. N. Zalta, Ed. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. H\u00f6fler \"Causal inference based on counterfactuals \" BMC medical research methodology vol. 5 no. 1 p. 28 2005.  M. H\u00f6fler \"Causal inference based on counterfactuals \" BMC medical research methodology vol. 5 no. 1 p. 28 2005.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-28"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"Online learning: A comprehensive survey,\" arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.02871","author":"Hoi S. C.","year":"2018","unstructured":"S. C. Hoi , D. Sahoo , J. Lu , and P. Zhao , \" Online learning: A comprehensive survey,\" arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.02871 , 2018 . S. C. Hoi, D. Sahoo, J. Lu, and P. Zhao, \"Online learning: A comprehensive survey,\" arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.02871, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Surv.","volume":"48","author":"Ibidunmoye O.","unstructured":"O. Ibidunmoye , F. Hern\\'andez- Rodriguez , and E. Elmroth , \" Performance anomaly detection and bottleneck identification,\" ACM Comput . Surv. , vol. 48 , no. 1, Jul. 2015. O. Ibidunmoye, F. Hern\\'andez-Rodriguez, and E. Elmroth, \"Performance anomaly detection and bottleneck identification,\" ACM Comput. Surv., vol. 48, no. 1, Jul. 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","volume-title":"Variational autoencoder with arbitrary conditioning","author":"Ivanov O.","year":"2018","unstructured":"O. Ivanov , M. Figurnov , and D. Vetrov , \" Variational autoencoder with arbitrary conditioning ,\" 2018 . O. Ivanov, M. Figurnov, and D. Vetrov, \"Variational autoencoder with arbitrary conditioning,\" 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3299869.3314048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1","volume-title":"Understanding and detecting real-world performance bugs,\" in Proceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, ser. PLDI ?12","author":"Jin G.","year":"2012","unstructured":"G. Jin , L. Song , X. Shi , J. Scherpelz , and S. Lu , \" Understanding and detecting real-world performance bugs,\" in Proceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, ser. PLDI ?12 . New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery , 2012 , p. 77?88. G. Jin, L. Song, X. Shi, J. Scherpelz, and S. Lu, \"Understanding and detecting real-world performance bugs,\" in Proceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, ser. PLDI ?12. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2012, p. 77?88."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1982.10477826"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","first-page":"636","article-title":"Estimating high-dimensional directed acyclic graphs with the pc-algorithm","volume":"8","author":"Kalisch M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"M. Kalisch and P. B\u00fchlmann , \" Estimating high-dimensional directed acyclic graphs with the pc-algorithm ,\" Journal of Machine Learning Research , vol. 8 , no. Mar, pp. 613? 636 , 2007 . M. Kalisch and P. B\u00fchlmann, \"Estimating high-dimensional directed acyclic graphs with the pc-algorithm,\" Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 8, no. Mar, pp. 613?636, 2007.","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3302424.3303958"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","volume-title":"Auto-encoding variational bayes,\" arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.6114","author":"Kingma D. P.","year":"2013","unstructured":"D. P. Kingma and M. Welling , \" Auto-encoding variational bayes,\" arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.6114 , 2013 . D. P. Kingma and M. Welling, \"Auto-encoding variational bayes,\" arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.6114, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1611835114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1795555"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CLOUD.2011.94"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1","first-page":"20","volume-title":"Microscope: Pinpoint performance issues with causal graphs in micro-service environments,\" in International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing","author":"Lin J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"J. Lin , P. Chen , and Z. Zheng , \" Microscope: Pinpoint performance issues with causal graphs in micro-service environments,\" in International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing . Springer , 2018 , pp. 3? 20 . J. Lin, P. Chen, and Z. Zheng, \"Microscope: Pinpoint performance issues with causal graphs in micro-service environments,\" in International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing. Springer, 2018, pp. 3?20."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","volume-title":"Towards energy proportionality for large-scale latency-critical workloads,\" in Proceedings of the 41st Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecuture (ISCA)","author":"Lo D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"D. Lo , L. Cheng , R. Govindaraju , L. A. Barroso , and C. Kozyrakis , \" Towards energy proportionality for large-scale latency-critical workloads,\" in Proceedings of the 41st Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecuture (ISCA) . Minneapolis, MN , 2014 . D. Lo, L. Cheng, R. Govindaraju, L. A. Barroso, and C. Kozyrakis, \"Towards energy proportionality for large-scale latency-critical workloads,\" in Proceedings of the 41st Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecuture (ISCA). Minneapolis, MN, 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1","volume-title":"Heracles: Improving resource efficiency at scale,\" in Proc. of the 42Nd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA)","author":"Lo D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"D. Lo , L. Cheng , R. Govindaraju , P. Ranganathan , and C. Kozyrakis , \" Heracles: Improving resource efficiency at scale,\" in Proc. of the 42Nd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA) . Portland, OR , 2015 . D. Lo, L. Cheng, R. Govindaraju, P. Ranganathan, and C. Kozyrakis, \"Heracles: Improving resource efficiency at scale,\" in Proc. of the 42Nd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA). Portland, OR, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_74_1","first-page":"6456","article-title":"Causal effect inference with deep latent-variable models","author":"Louizos C.","year":"2017","unstructured":"C. Louizos , U. Shalit , J. M. Mooij , D. Sontag , R. Zemel , and M. Welling , \" Causal effect inference with deep latent-variable models ,\" in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems , 2017 , pp. 6446? 6456 . C. Louizos, U. Shalit, J. M. Mooij, D. Sontag, R. Zemel, and M. Welling, \"Causal effect inference with deep latent-variable models,\" in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2017, pp. 6446?6456.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_75_1","volume-title":"Tel-Aviv","author":"Mars J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"J. Mars and L. Tang , \" Whare-map: heterogeneity in \"homogeneous\" warehouse-scale computers,\" in Proceedings of ISCA . Tel-Aviv , Israel , 2013 . J. Mars and L. Tang, \"Whare-map: heterogeneity in \"homogeneous\" warehouse-scale computers,\" in Proceedings of ISCA. Tel-Aviv, Israel, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2155620.2155650"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_77_1","first-page":"330","volume-title":"Power management of online data-intensive services,\" in Proceedings of the 38th annual international symposium on Computer architecture","author":"Meisner D.","year":"2011","unstructured":"D. Meisner , C. M. Sadler , L. A. Barroso , W.-D. Weber , and T. F. Wenisch , \" Power management of online data-intensive services,\" in Proceedings of the 38th annual international symposium on Computer architecture , 2011 , pp. 319? 330 . D. Meisner, C. M. Sadler, L. A. Barroso, W.-D. Weber, and T. F. Wenisch, \"Power management of online data-intensive services,\" in Proceedings of the 38th annual international symposium on Computer architecture, 2011, pp. 319?330."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_78_1","unstructured":"P. Menzies \"Counterfactual theories of causation \" Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2008.  P. Menzies \"Counterfactual theories of causation \" Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_79_1","volume-title":"winter 2019 ed","author":"Moore M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"M. Moore , \"Causation in the law,\" in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy , winter 2019 ed ., E. N. Zalta, Ed. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University , 2019 . M. Moore, \"Causation in the law,\" in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, winter 2019 ed., E. N. Zalta, Ed. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_80_1","volume-title":"Counterfactuals and causal inference","author":"Morgan S. L.","year":"2015","unstructured":"S. L. Morgan and C. Winship , Counterfactuals and causal inference . Cambridge University Press , 2015 . S. L. Morgan and C. Winship, Counterfactuals and causal inference. Cambridge University Press, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_81_1","first-page":"366","volume-title":"Structured comparative analysis of systems logs to diagnose performance problems,\" in Presented as part of the 9th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 12)","author":"Nagaraj K.","year":"2012","unstructured":"K. Nagaraj , C. Killian , and J. Neville , \" Structured comparative analysis of systems logs to diagnose performance problems,\" in Presented as part of the 9th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 12) . San Jose, CA : USENIX , 2012 , pp. 353? 366 . K. Nagaraj, C. Killian, and J. Neville, \"Structured comparative analysis of systems logs to diagnose performance problems,\" in Presented as part of the 9th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 12). San Jose, CA: USENIX, 2012, pp. 353?366."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_82_1","volume-title":"Exploiting platform heterogeneity for power efficient data centers,\" in Proceedings of ICAC","author":"Nathuji R.","year":"2007","unstructured":"R. Nathuji , C. Isci , and E. Gorbatov , \" Exploiting platform heterogeneity for power efficient data centers,\" in Proceedings of ICAC . Jacksonville, FL , 2007 . R. Nathuji, C. Isci, and E. Gorbatov, \"Exploiting platform heterogeneity for power efficient data centers,\" in Proceedings of ICAC. Jacksonville, FL, 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1755913.1755938"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_84_1","volume-title":"Learning bayesian networks","author":"Neapolitan R. E.","year":"2004","unstructured":"R. E. Neapolitan , Learning bayesian networks . Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River , NJ , 2004 , vol. 38 . R. E. Neapolitan et al., Learning bayesian networks. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2004, vol. 38."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_85_1","first-page":"307","volume-title":"Oakland","author":"Ousterhout K.","year":"2015","unstructured":"K. Ousterhout , R. Rasti , S. Ratnasamy , S. Shenker , and B.-G. Chun , \"Making sense of performance in data analytics frameworks,\" in 12th US ENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation ( NSDI 15). Oakland , CA : USENIX Association , May 2015 , pp. 293? 307 . K. Ousterhout, R. Rasti, S. Ratnasamy, S. Shenker, and B.-G. Chun, \"Making sense of performance in data analytics frameworks,\" in 12th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 15). Oakland, CA: USENIX Association, May 2015, pp. 293?307."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2517349.2522716"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2019.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/09-SS057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2824032.2824078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2010.68"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1135777.1135830"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2367376.2371297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_93_1","volume-title":"The network data repository with interactive graph analytics and visualization,\" in AAAI","author":"Rossi R. A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"R. A. Rossi and N. K. Ahmed , \" The network data repository with interactive graph analytics and visualization,\" in AAAI , 2015 . [Online]. Available: http:\/\/networkrepository.com R. A. Rossi and N. K. Ahmed, \"The network data repository with interactive graph analytics and visualization,\" in AAAI, 2015. [Online]. Available: http:\/\/networkrepository.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3342195.3387524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_95_1","volume-title":"Prague","author":"Schwarzkopf M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"M. Schwarzkopf , A. Konwinski , M. Abd-El-Malek , and J. Wilkes , \" Omega: flexible, scalable schedulers for large compute clusters,\" in Proceedings of EuroSys . Prague , 2013 . M. Schwarzkopf, A. Konwinski, M. Abd-El-Malek, and J. Wilkes, \"Omega: flexible, scalable schedulers for large compute clusters,\" in Proceedings of EuroSys. Prague, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_96_1","volume-title":"Amazon CloudWatch User Guide Document History","author":"Services A. W.","year":"2020","unstructured":"A. W. Services , Amazon CloudWatch User Guide Document History , 2020 . [Online]. Available: https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/AmazonCloudWatch\/latest\/monitoring A. W. Services, Amazon CloudWatch User Guide Document History, 2020. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/AmazonCloudWatch\/latest\/monitoring"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/19-AOS1857"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308558.3313653"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_99_1","volume-title":"Cascais","author":"Shen Z.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Z. Shen , S. Subbiah , X. Gu , and J. Wilkes , \" Cloudscale: elastic resource scaling for multi-tenant cloud systems,\" in Proceedings of SOCC . Cascais , Portugal , 2011 . Z. Shen, S. Subbiah, X. Gu, and J. Wilkes, \"Cloudscale: elastic resource scaling for multi-tenant cloud systems,\" in Proceedings of SOCC. Cascais, Portugal, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_100_1","volume-title":"Tech. Rep., 2010","author":"Sigelman B. H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"B. H. Sigelman , L. A. Barroso , M. Burrows , P. Stephenson , M. Plakal , D. Beaver , S. Jaspan , and C. Shanbhag , \" Dapper, a large-scale distributed systems tracing infrastructure,\" Google, Inc ., Tech. Rep., 2010 . [Online]. Available : https:\/\/research.google.com\/archive\/papers\/dapper- 2010 -1.pdf B. H. Sigelman, L. A. Barroso, M. Burrows, P. Stephenson, M. Plakal, D. Beaver, S. Jaspan, and C. Shanbhag, \"Dapper, a large-scale distributed systems tracing infrastructure,\" Google, Inc., Tech. Rep., 2010. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/research.google.com\/archive\/papers\/dapper-2010-1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6419.2007.00538.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_102_1","volume-title":"Thrift: Scalable cross-language services implementation,\" Facebook White Paper","author":"Slee M.","unstructured":"M. Slee , A. Agarwal , and M. Kwiatkowski , \" Thrift: Scalable cross-language services implementation,\" Facebook White Paper , vol. 5 , no. 8, 2007. M. Slee, A. Agarwal, and M. Kwiatkowski, \"Thrift: Scalable cross-language services implementation,\" Facebook White Paper, vol. 5, no. 8, 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_103_1","first-page":"3491","volume-title":"Learning structured output representation using deep conditional generative models,\" in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28","author":"Sohn K.","year":"2015","unstructured":"K. Sohn , H. Lee , and X. Yan , \" Learning structured output representation using deep conditional generative models,\" in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28 , C. Cortes, N. D. Lawrence, D. D. Lee, M. Sugiyama, and R. Garnett, Eds. Curran Associates, Inc. , 2015 , pp. 3483? 3491 . K. Sohn, H. Lee, and X. Yan, \"Learning structured output representation using deep conditional generative models,\" in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28, C. Cortes, N. D. Lawrence, D. D. Lee, M. Sugiyama, and R. Garnett, Eds. Curran Associates, Inc., 2015, pp. 3483?3491."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_104_1","first-page":"12","volume-title":"$\\mu$ suite: A benchmark suite for microservices,\" in 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC)","author":"Sriraman A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"A. Sriraman and T. F. Wenisch , \" $\\mu$ suite: A benchmark suite for microservices,\" in 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC) , 2018 , pp. 1? 12 . A. Sriraman and T. F. Wenisch, \"$\\mu$ suite: A benchmark suite for microservices,\" in 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC), 2018, pp. 1?12."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3373376.3378450"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3307650.3322227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_107_1","first-page":"194","volume-title":"tune: Auto-tuned threading for OLDI microservices,\" in 13th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 18)","author":"Sriraman A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"A. Sriraman and T. F. Wenisch , \" tune: Auto-tuned threading for OLDI microservices,\" in 13th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 18) . Carlsbad, CA : USENIX Association , Oct. 2018 , pp. 177? 194 . [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/osdi18\/presentation\/sriraman A. Sriraman and T. F. Wenisch, \"tune: Auto-tuned threading for OLDI microservices,\" in 13th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 18). Carlsbad, CA: USENIX Association, Oct. 2018, pp. 177?194. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/osdi18\/presentation\/sriraman"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_108_1","volume-title":"Distributed resource management across process boundaries,\" in Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC)","author":"Suresh L.","year":"2017","unstructured":"L. Suresh , P. Bodik , I. Menache , M. Canini , and F. Ciucu , \" Distributed resource management across process boundaries,\" in Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC) . Santa Clara, CA , 2017 . L. Suresh, P. Bodik, I. Menache, M. Canini, and F. Ciucu, \"Distributed resource management across process boundaries,\" in Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC). Santa Clara, CA, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_109_1","volume-title":"Prepare: Predictive performance anomaly prevention for virtualized cloud systems,\" in Proc. of the 32nd IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems","author":"Tan Y.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Y. Tan , H. Nguyen , Z. Shen , X. Gu , C. Venkatramani , and D. Rajan , \" Prepare: Predictive performance anomaly prevention for virtualized cloud systems,\" in Proc. of the 32nd IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems . 2012 . Y. Tan, H. Nguyen, Z. Shen, X. Gu, C. Venkatramani, and D. Rajan, \"Prepare: Predictive performance anomaly prevention for virtualized cloud systems,\" in Proc. of the 32nd IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3357223.3362727"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3135974.3135977"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_112_1","volume-title":"Bordeaux","author":"Verma A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"A. Verma , L. Pedrosa , M. R. Korupolu , D. Oppenheimer , E. Tune , and J. Wilkes , \" Large-scale cluster management at Google with Borg,\" in Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys) , Bordeaux , France , 2015 . A. Verma, L. Pedrosa, M. R. Korupolu, D. Oppenheimer, E. Tune, and J. Wilkes, \"Large-scale cluster management at Google with Borg,\" in Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys), Bordeaux, France, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_113_1","first-page":"392","volume-title":"Statistical techniques for online anomaly detection in data centers,\" in 12th IFIP\/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2011) and Workshops","author":"Wang C.","year":"2011","unstructured":"C. Wang , K. Viswanathan , L. Choudur , V. Talwar , W. Satterfield , and K. Schwan , \" Statistical techniques for online anomaly detection in data centers,\" in 12th IFIP\/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2011) and Workshops , 2011 , pp. 385? 392 . C. Wang, K. Viswanathan, L. Choudur, V. Talwar, W. Satterfield, and K. Schwan, \"Statistical techniques for online anomaly detection in data centers,\" in 12th IFIP\/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM 2011) and Workshops, 2011, pp. 385?392."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_114_1","volume-title":"ser. OSDI?04","author":"Wang H. J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"H. J. Wang , J. C. Platt , Y. Chen , R. Zhang , and Y.-M. Wang , \"Automatic misconfiguration troubleshooting with peerpressure,\" in Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Symposium on Operating Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 6 , ser. OSDI?04 . USA : USENIX Association , 2004 , p. 17. H. J. Wang, J. C. Platt, Y. Chen, R. Zhang, and Y.-M. Wang, \"Automatic misconfiguration troubleshooting with peerpressure,\" in Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Symposium on Operating Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 6, ser. OSDI?04. USA: USENIX Association, 2004, p. 17."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2485922.2485974"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_116_1","volume-title":"Lifelong learning with dynamically expandable networks,\" in International Conference on Learning Representations","author":"Yoon J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"J. Yoon , E. Yang , J. Lee , and S. J. Hwang , \" Lifelong learning with dynamically expandable networks,\" in International Conference on Learning Representations , 2018 . [Online]. Available: https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=Sk7KsfW0- J. Yoon, E. Yang, J. Lee, and S. J. Hwang, \"Lifelong learning with dynamically expandable networks,\" in International Conference on Learning Representations, 2018. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/openreview.net\/forum?id=Sk7KsfW0-"}],"event":{"name":"ASPLOS '21: 26th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","location":"Virtual USA","acronym":"ASPLOS '21","sponsor":["SIGPLAN ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 26th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3445814.3446700","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/3445814.3446700","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3445814.3446700","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3445814.3446700","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:28:14Z","timestamp":1750195694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3445814.3446700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"references-count":116,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3445814.3446700","10.1145\/3445814"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3445814.3446700","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}