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Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article, we provide a comprehensive introduction to knowledge graphs, which have recently garnered significant attention from both industry and academia in scenarios that require exploiting diverse, dynamic, large-scale collections of data. After some opening remarks, we motivate and contrast various graph-based data models, as well as languages used to query and validate knowledge graphs. We explain how knowledge can be represented and extracted using a combination of deductive and inductive techniques. We conclude with high-level future research directions for knowledge graphs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3447772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T13:17:47Z","timestamp":1625231867000},"page":"1-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1585,"title":["Knowledge Graphs"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9482-1982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aidan","family":"Hogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DCC, Universidad de Chile; IMFD, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Blomqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cochez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit and Discovery Lab, Elsevier, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"D\u2019amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard De","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4559-6544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DCC, Universidad de Chile; IMFD, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Kirrane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WU Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Emilio Labra","family":"Gayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Navigli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapienza University of Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Neumaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WU Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel-Cyrille Ngonga","family":"Ngomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DICE, Universit\u00e4t Paderborn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Polleres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WU Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabbir M.","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tetherless World Constellation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anisa","family":"Rula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milano\u2013Bicocca, Italy and University of Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Schmelzeisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Sequeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"data.world, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Staab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4t Stuttgart, Germany and University of Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole des mines de Saint-\u00c9tienne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Proc. of SIGMOD.","author":"Agrawal R.","unstructured":"R. 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