{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:26:06Z","timestamp":1776093966368,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>People visit public places with different intentions and motivations. While some explore it carefully, others may just want to pass or are otherwise engaged. We investigate how to exploit the inattentional blindness (IB) of indirect users in the design of public interfaces to apply to such diverse needs. Beginning with a structured literature study in the ACM Digital Library on IB, we analyzed 135 publications to derive design strategies that benefit from IB or avoid IB. Using these findings, we selected three existing interfaces for information presentation on a large public square and created two additional interfaces ourselves. We then compared users' perceptions through a self-reported photography study (N = 40). Participants followed one of four scripted profiles to imitate different user intentions, two for direct and two for indirect users. We hypothesized that direct users would recognize the interfaces, while indirect users would experience IB and ignore them. Our results show that direct users reported up to 68% of our interfaces, whereas indirect users noticed only 16%. Thus, IB can be exploited to hide interfaces from indirect users while keeping them noticeable to direct users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3448123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T18:56:41Z","timestamp":1617130601000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["To See or Not to See"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Schneegass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Welsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Butz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-016-0906-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2901790.2901897"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Introduction: Framing Peripheral Interaction. Springer","volume":"1","author":"Bakker Saskia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saskia Bakker , Doris Hausen , and Ted Selker . 2016 . Introduction: Framing Peripheral Interaction. Springer , Chapter 1 , 6 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-29523-7_1 10.1007\/978-3-319-29523-7_1 Saskia Bakker, Doris Hausen, and Ted Selker. 2016. Introduction: Framing Peripheral Interaction. Springer, Chapter 1, 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-29523-7_1","journal-title":"Chapter"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Peripheral Interaction","volume":"19","author":"Bakker Saskia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saskia Bakker , Elise Hoven , and Berry Eggen . 2015 . Peripheral Interaction : Characteristics and Considerations. Personal Ubiquitous Comput. 19 , 1 (Jan. 2015), 239--254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00779-014-0775-2 10.1007\/s00779-014-0775-2 Saskia Bakker, Elise Hoven, and Berry Eggen. 2015. Peripheral Interaction: Characteristics and Considerations. Personal Ubiquitous Comput. 19, 1 (Jan. 2015), 239--254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00779-014-0775-2","journal-title":"Characteristics and Considerations. Personal Ubiquitous Comput."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1008653.1008691"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.15.4.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1857893.1857897"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1052380.1052382"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Advances in Visual Information Systems. Springer, 71--82","author":"Blok Connie A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Connie A Blok . 2005 . Interactive animation to visually explore time series of satellite imagery . In International Conference on Advances in Visual Information Systems. Springer, 71--82 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11590064_7 10.1007\/11590064_7 Connie A Blok. 2005. Interactive animation to visually explore time series of satellite imagery. In International Conference on Advances in Visual Information Systems. Springer, 71--82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11590064_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2492494.2492508"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IAT.2006.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"Efstratios Doukakis, and Alan Chalmers.","author":"Bradley Tim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tim Bradley , Kurt Debattista , Thomas Bashford-Rogers , Carlo Harvey , Efstratios Doukakis, and Alan Chalmers. 2016 . Selective BRDFs for High Fidelity Rendering . 57--64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/cgvc.20161297 10.2312\/cgvc.20161297 Tim Bradley, Kurt Debattista, Thomas Bashford-Rogers, Carlo Harvey, Efstratios Doukakis, and Alan Chalmers. 2016. Selective BRDFs for High Fidelity Rendering. 57--64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/cgvc.20161297"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300270"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00309090"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","volume-title":"Lead me gently: Facilitating knowledge gain through attention-aware ambient learning displays. Computers & Education 78 (05","author":"B\u00f6rner Dirk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dirk B\u00f6rner , Marco Kalz , and Marcus Specht . 2014. Lead me gently: Facilitating knowledge gain through attention-aware ambient learning displays. Computers & Education 78 (05 2014 ). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.04.017 10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.04.017 Dirk B\u00f6rner, Marco Kalz, and Marcus Specht. 2014. Lead me gently: Facilitating knowledge gain through attention-aware ambient learning displays. Computers & Education 78 (05 2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2014.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124113500475"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Calm Technology","author":"Case Amber","unstructured":"Amber Case . 2015. Calm Technology . O'Reilly Media, Inc. Amber Case. 2015. Calm Technology. O'Reilly Media, Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/585740.585744"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","first-page":"270","volume-title":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series","volume":"44","author":"Cater Kirsten","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kirsten Cater , Alan Chalmers , and Greg Ward . 2003 . Detail to attention: exploiting visual tasks for selective rendering . In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series , Vol. 44 . 270--280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/EGWR\/EGWR03\/ 270 - 280 10.2312\/EGWR Kirsten Cater, Alan Chalmers, and Greg Ward. 2003. Detail to attention: exploiting visual tasks for selective rendering. In ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, Vol. 44. 270--280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/EGWR\/EGWR03\/270-280"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45706-2_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/984952.984960"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","volume-title":"Peter William Longhurst, and Richard Gillibrand","author":"Chalmers Alan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alan Chalmers , Kurt Debattista , Veronica Sundstedt , Peter William Longhurst, and Richard Gillibrand . 2006 . Rendering on Demand.. In EGPGV. 9--17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/EGPGV\/EGPGV06\/009-017 10.2312\/EGPGV Alan Chalmers, Kurt Debattista, Veronica Sundstedt, Peter William Longhurst, and Richard Gillibrand. 2006. Rendering on Demand.. In EGPGV. 9--17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/EGPGV\/EGPGV06\/009-017"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Computers in Education: Australian Topics","volume":"8","author":"Chang Dempsey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dempsey Chang , Laurence Dooley , and Juhani Tuovinen . 2002 . Gestalt Theory in Visual Screen Design - A New Look at an Old Subject . Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Computers in Education: Australian Topics , Volume 8 (08 2002). Dempsey Chang, Laurence Dooley, and Juhani Tuovinen. 2002. Gestalt Theory in Visual Screen Design - A New Look at an Old Subject. Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Computers in Education: Australian Topics, Volume 8 (08 2002)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.09.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753670"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2200\/S00558ED1V01Y201312MPC011"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208606"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parco.2007.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3364183.3364199"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1401843.1401874"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-4762.00178"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1279640.1279643"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2602161.2602170"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2009.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2011.5946648"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2677972.2677973"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3314111.3322870"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3284389.3284495"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2168556.2168590"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858525"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3206505.3206550"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-011-0414-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11550617_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2029956.2029968"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the NatureCHI Workshop at CHI.","author":"H\u00e4kkil\u00e4 Jonna","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jonna H\u00e4kkil\u00e4 and Ashley Colley . 2016 . Graveyards as a Design Context for Unobtrusive Interaction . In Proceedings of the NatureCHI Workshop at CHI. Jonna H\u00e4kkil\u00e4 and Ashley Colley. 2016. Graveyards as a Design Context for Unobtrusive Interaction. In Proceedings of the NatureCHI Workshop at CHI."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3282894.3282912"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e577632012-009"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1980462.1980496"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2614348.2614354"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1857893.1857899"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2007.00507.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","volume-title":"Meaning and Attentional Guidance in Scenes: A Review of the Meaning Map Approach. Vision 3 (05","author":"Henderson John M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"John M. Henderson , Taylor Hayes , Candace E. Peacock , and Gwendolyn Rehrig . 2019. Meaning and Attentional Guidance in Scenes: A Review of the Meaning Map Approach. Vision 3 (05 2019 ). Issue 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vision3020019 10.3390\/vision3020019 John M. Henderson, Taylor Hayes, Candace E. Peacock, and Gwendolyn Rehrig. 2019. Meaning and Attentional Guidance in Scenes: A Review of the Meaning Map Approach. Vision 3 (05 2019). Issue 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vision3020019"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2047196.2047207"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","volume-title":"Bridging the Virtual and Real Worlds: A Preliminary Study of Messaging Notifications in Virtual Reality (CHI '20)","author":"Hsieh Ching-Yu","unstructured":"Ching-Yu Hsieh , Yi-Shyuan Chiang , Hung-Yu Chiu , and Yung-Ju Chang . 2020. Bridging the Virtual and Real Worlds: A Preliminary Study of Messaging Notifications in Virtual Reality (CHI '20) . Association for Computing Machinery , New York, NY, USA , 1--14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3313831.3376228 10.1145\/3313831.3376228 Ching-Yu Hsieh, Yi-Shyuan Chiang, Hung-Yu Chiu, and Yung-Ju Chang. 2020. Bridging the Virtual and Real Worlds: A Preliminary Study of Messaging Notifications in Virtual Reality (CHI '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3313831.3376228"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-012-0635-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1980462.1980493"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-012-0760-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3305367.3327988"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_61_1","volume-title":"Voluntary versus automatic control over the mind's eye's movement. Attention and performance","author":"Jonides John","year":"1981","unstructured":"John Jonides . 1981. Voluntary versus automatic control over the mind's eye's movement. Attention and performance ( 1981 ), 187--203. John Jonides. 1981. Voluntary versus automatic control over the mind's eye's movement. Attention and performance (1981), 187--203."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_62_1","volume-title":"Designing Unobtrusive Interfaces with Minimal Presence. In CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '09). Association for Computing Machinery","author":"Kim Hyunjung","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hyunjung Kim and Woohun Lee . 2009 . Designing Unobtrusive Interfaces with Minimal Presence. In CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '09). Association for Computing Machinery , New York, NY, USA, 3673--3678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/15 20340.1520553 10.1145\/1520340.1520553 Hyunjung Kim and Woohun Lee. 2009. Designing Unobtrusive Interfaces with Minimal Presence. In CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '09). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3673--3678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1520340.1520553"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3329189.3329232"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1028014.1028060"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_65_1","volume-title":"Computer graphics forum","author":"Kurzhals Kuno","unstructured":"Kuno Kurzhals , Markus H\u00f6ferlin , and Daniel Weiskopf . 2013. Evaluation of attention-guiding video visualization . In Computer graphics forum , Vol. 32 . Wiley Online Library , 51--60. Kuno Kurzhals, Markus H\u00f6ferlin, and Daniel Weiskopf. 2013. Evaluation of attention-guiding video visualization. In Computer graphics forum, Vol. 32. Wiley Online Library, 51--60."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_66_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers (UbiComp '17)","author":"Ku\u010dera Jan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jan Ku\u010dera , James Scott , and Nicholas Chen . 2017 . Probing Calmness in Applications Using a Calm Display Prototype . In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers (UbiComp '17) . ACM, New York, NY, USA, 965--969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3123024.3124564 10.1145\/3123024.3124564 Jan Ku\u010dera, James Scott, and Nicholas Chen. 2017. Probing Calmness in Applications Using a Calm Display Prototype. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers (UbiComp '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 965--969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3123024.3124564"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emj.2017.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2448556.2448647"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_69_1","volume-title":"The Design of Implicit Interactions: Making Interactive Systems Less Obnoxious. Design Issues 24 (07","author":"Leifer Larry","year":"2008","unstructured":"Larry Leifer . 2008. The Design of Implicit Interactions: Making Interactive Systems Less Obnoxious. Design Issues 24 (07 2008 ), 72--84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/desi.2008.24.3.72 10.1162\/desi.2008.24.3.72 Larry Leifer. 2008. The Design of Implicit Interactions: Making Interactive Systems Less Obnoxious. Design Issues 24 (07 2008), 72--84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/desi.2008.24.3.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2017.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_71_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computer graphics, virtual reality, visualisation and interaction in Africa. 21--29","author":"Longhurst Peter","unstructured":"Peter Longhurst , Kurt Debattista , and Alan Chalmers . [n. d.]. A GPU based saliency map for high-fidelity selective rendering . In Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computer graphics, virtual reality, visualisation and interaction in Africa. 21--29 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1108590.1108595 10.1145\/1108590.1108595 Peter Longhurst, Kurt Debattista, and Alan Chalmers. [n. d.]. A GPU based saliency map for high-fidelity selective rendering. In Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computer graphics, virtual reality, visualisation and interaction in Africa. 21--29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1108590.1108595"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1836248.1836262"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2592235.2592237"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3707.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2012.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2829875.2829916"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3332165.3347919"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1101389.1101462"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_79_1","volume-title":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME). IEEE, 1--6.","author":"A.","unstructured":"Victor. A. Mateescu and Ivan. V. Bajic. 2013. Guiding visual attention by manipulating orientation in images . In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME). IEEE, 1--6. Victor. A. Mateescu and Ivan. V. Bajic. 2013. Guiding visual attention by manipulating orientation in images. In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME). IEEE, 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1577755.1577760"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_81_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '17)","author":"M\u00e9ndez Gonzalo Gabriel","unstructured":"Gonzalo Gabriel M\u00e9ndez , Uta Hinrichs , and Miguel A. Nacenta . 2017. Bottom-up vs. Top-down: Trade-Offs in Efficiency, Understanding, Freedom and Creativity with InfoVis Tools . In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '17) . Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 841--852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3025453.3025942 10.1145\/3025453.3025942 Gonzalo Gabriel M\u00e9ndez, Uta Hinrichs, and Miguel A. Nacenta. 2017. Bottom-up vs. Top-down: Trade-Offs in Efficiency, Understanding, Freedom and Creativity with InfoVis Tools. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 841--852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3025453.3025942"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2931-15.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlos Montemayor and Harry Haroutioun Haladjian. 2015. Consciousness Attention and Conscious Attention. The MIT Press. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt17kk7j7  Carlos Montemayor and Harry Haroutioun Haladjian. 2015. Consciousness Attention and Conscious Attention. The MIT Press. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt17kk7j7","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262028974.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_84_1","volume-title":"The photo-survey research method: capturing life in the city. Visual Studies 23 (04","author":"Moore Gemma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gemma Moore , Ben Croxford , Mags Adams , Mohamed Refaee , Trevor Cox , and Steve Sharples . 2008. The photo-survey research method: capturing life in the city. Visual Studies 23 (04 2008 ), 50--62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14725860801908536 10.1080\/14725860801908536 Gemma Moore, Ben Croxford, Mags Adams, Mohamed Refaee, Trevor Cox, and Steve Sharples. 2008. The photo-survey research method: capturing life in the city. Visual Studies 23 (04 2008), 50--62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14725860801908536"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1857893.1857895"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2824893.2824896"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-010-0253-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2384916.2384924"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2168556.2168627"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_90_1","volume-title":"Cueing Attention by Relative Motion in the Periphery of the Visual Field. Perception 36 (02","author":"Poggel Dorothe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dorothe Poggel , Hans Strasburger , and Manfred Mackeben . 2007. Cueing Attention by Relative Motion in the Periphery of the Visual Field. Perception 36 (02 2007 ), 955--70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1068\/p5752 10.1068\/p5752 Dorothe Poggel, Hans Strasburger, and Manfred Mackeben. 2007. Cueing Attention by Relative Motion in the Periphery of the Visual Field. Perception 36 (02 2007), 955--70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1068\/p5752"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702613.2725437"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2508244.2508256"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_93_1","volume-title":"Load-induced inattentional deafness. Attention, perception & psychophysics 77 (10","author":"Raveh Dana","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dana Raveh and Nilli Lavie . 2014. Load-induced inattentional deafness. Attention, perception & psychophysics 77 (10 2014 ). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13414-014-0776-2 10.3758\/s13414-014-0776-2 Dana Raveh and Nilli Lavie. 2014. Load-induced inattentional deafness. Attention, perception & psychophysics 77 (10 2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13414-014-0776-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2909824.3020246"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3DUI.2017.7893338"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_96_1","volume-title":"To See or not to See: The Need for Attention to Perceive Changes in Scenes. Psychological Science 8 (09","author":"Rensink Ronald","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ronald Rensink , J. O'Regan , and James Clark . 1997. To See or not to See: The Need for Attention to Perceive Changes in Scenes. Psychological Science 8 (09 1997 ), 368--373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00427.x 10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00427.x Ronald Rensink, J. O'Regan, and James Clark. 1997. To See or not to See: The Need for Attention to Perceive Changes in Scenes. Psychological Science 8 (09 1997), 368--373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00427.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_97_1","volume-title":"Evaluating the Calmness of Ubiquitous Applications","author":"Riekki Jukka","unstructured":"Jukka Riekki , Pekka Isomursu , and Minna Isomursu . 2004. Evaluating the Calmness of Ubiquitous Applications . In Product Focused Software Process Improvement, Frank Bomarius and Hajimu Iida (Eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg , Berlin, Heidelberg , 105--119. Jukka Riekki, Pekka Isomursu, and Minna Isomursu. 2004. Evaluating the Calmness of Ubiquitous Applications. In Product Focused Software Process Improvement, Frank Bomarius and Hajimu Iida (Eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 105--119."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2390256.2390293"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_99_1","unstructured":"Simon Robinson Gary Marsden and Matt Jones. 2014. There's not an app for that: Mobile user experience design for life. Morgan Kaufmann.  Simon Robinson Gary Marsden and Matt Jones. 2014. There's not an app for that: Mobile user experience design for life. Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10606-015-9234-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01343"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_102_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI '17)","author":"Gerald","unstructured":"Gerald J. Schmidt and Lena Rittger. 2017. Guiding Driver Visual Attention with LEDs . In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI '17) . Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 279--286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3122986.3122994 10.1145\/3122986.3122994 Gerald J. Schmidt and Lena Rittger. 2017. Guiding Driver Visual Attention with LEDs. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 279--286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3122986.3122994"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/238339.238378"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_104_1","volume-title":"Gorillas in Our Midst: Sustained Inattentional Blindness for Dynamic Events. Perception 28 (02","author":"Simons Daniel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Daniel Simons and Christopher Chabris . 1999. Gorillas in Our Midst: Sustained Inattentional Blindness for Dynamic Events. Perception 28 (02 1999 ), 1059--74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1068\/p2952 10.1068\/p2952 Daniel Simons and Christopher Chabris. 1999. Gorillas in Our Midst: Sustained Inattentional Blindness for Dynamic Events. Perception 28 (02 1999), 1059--74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1068\/p2952"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300905"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3196709.3196792"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2602161.2602179"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_108_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st Spring Conference on Computer Graphics (SCCG '05)","author":"Sundstedt V.","unstructured":"V. Sundstedt , K. Debattista , P. Longhurst , A. Chalmers , and T. Troscianko . 2005. Visual Attention for Efficient High-Fidelity Graphics . In Proceedings of the 21st Spring Conference on Computer Graphics (SCCG '05) . Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 169--175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1090122.1090150 10.1145\/1090122.1090150 V. Sundstedt, K. Debattista, P. Longhurst, A. Chalmers, and T. Troscianko. 2005. Visual Attention for Efficient High-Fidelity Graphics. In Proceedings of the 21st Spring Conference on Computer Graphics (SCCG '05). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 169--175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1090122.1090150"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1394445.1394447"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1854099.1854121"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_111_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--13","author":"H\u00e4uslschmid Renate","year":"2019","unstructured":"Na&dstrok;a Terzimehi\u0107, Renate H\u00e4uslschmid , Heinrich Hussmann , and MC Schraefel . 2019 . A Review & Analysis of Mindfulness Research in HCI: Framing Current Lines of Research and Future Opportunities . In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--13 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3290605.3300687 10.1145\/3290605.3300687 Na&dstrok;a Terzimehi\u0107, Renate H\u00e4uslschmid, Heinrich Hussmann, and MC Schraefel. 2019. A Review & Analysis of Mindfulness Research in HCI: Framing Current Lines of Research and Future Opportunities. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1--13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3290605.3300687"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WI-IAT.2014.168"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_113_1","volume-title":"Contextual Guidance of Eye Movements and Attention in Real-World Scenes: The Role of Global Features in Object Search. Psychological review 113 (11","author":"Torralba Antonio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Antonio Torralba , Aude Oliva , Monica Castelhano , and John Henderson . 2006. Contextual Guidance of Eye Movements and Attention in Real-World Scenes: The Role of Global Features in Object Search. Psychological review 113 (11 2006 ), 766--86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.113.4.766 10.1037\/0033-295X.113.4.766 Antonio Torralba, Aude Oliva, Monica Castelhano, and John Henderson. 2006. Contextual Guidance of Eye Movements and Attention in Real-World Scenes: The Role of Global Features in Object Search. Psychological review 113 (11 2006), 766--86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.113.4.766"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2544066"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_2_115_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geoffrey Underwood Louise Humphreys and Eleanor Cross. 2007. Chapter 26. Congruency saliency and gist in the inspection of objects in natural scenes. 563-VII. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-008044980-7\/50028-8 10.1016\/B978-008044980-7","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008044980-7\/50028-8"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_2_115_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geoffrey Underwood Louise Humphreys and Eleanor Cross. 2007. Chapter 26. Congruency saliency and gist in the inspection of objects in natural scenes. 563-VII. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-008044980-7\/50028-8","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008044980-7\/50028-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2307798.2307801"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_117_1","unstructured":"Colin Ware. 2019. Information visualization: perception for design. Morgan Kaufmann.  Colin Ware. 2019. Information visualization: perception for design. Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.237456"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mark Weiser and John Seely Brown. 1997. The Coming Age of Calm Technolgy. Copernicus USA 75--85.  Mark Weiser and John Seely Brown. 1997. The Coming Age of Calm Technolgy. Copernicus USA 75--85.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0685-9_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110453874"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2503385.2503463"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3148051"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00054"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3301019.3323905"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3448123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3448123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:24:59Z","timestamp":1750195499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3448123"}},"subtitle":["Exploring Inattentional Blindness for the Design of Unobtrusive Interfaces in Shared Public Places"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3448123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3448123","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-9567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2474-9567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}