{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T21:50:10Z","timestamp":1767909010888,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":56,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"UKIERI","award":["UKIERI2018-19-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UKIERI2018-19-005"]}]},{"name":"EPSRC","award":["EP\/11288S170484-102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/11288S170484-102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3448300.3467816","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T14:57:40Z","timestamp":1624546660000},"page":"323-334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["VoIPLoc"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Shishir","family":"Nagaraja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/venturebeat.com\/2011\/06\/19\/narattes-zoosh-enables-nfc-with-just-a-speaker-and-microphone\/. https:\/\/venturebeat.com\/2011\/06\/19\/narattes-zoosh-enables-nfc-with-just-a-speaker-and-microphone\/. Accessed: 2020-03-13.  https:\/\/venturebeat.com\/2011\/06\/19\/narattes-zoosh-enables-nfc-with-just-a-speaker-and-microphone\/. https:\/\/venturebeat.com\/2011\/06\/19\/narattes-zoosh-enables-nfc-with-just-a-speaker-and-microphone\/. Accessed: 2020-03-13."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Ultrasound detector android app. https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.microcadsystems.serge.ultrasounddetector&hl=en. Accessed: 2020-03-13.  Ultrasound detector android app. https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.microcadsystems.serge.ultrasounddetector&hl=en. Accessed: 2020-03-13."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Internet location verification: Challenges and solutions","author":"Abdou AbdelRahman","year":"2018","unstructured":"AbdelRahman Abdou . Internet location verification: Challenges and solutions , 2018 . AbdelRahman Abdou. Internet location verification: Challenges and solutions, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1614320.1614350"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1866307.1866320"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"ISRAEL","author":"Boureau Lan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Y- Lan Boureau , Jean Ponce , and Yann Lecun . A theoretical analysis of feature pooling in visual recognition. In 27TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MACHINE LEARNING, HAIFA , ISRAEL , 2010 . Y-Lan Boureau, Jean Ponce, and Yann Lecun. A theoretical analysis of feature pooling in visual recognition. In 27TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MACHINE LEARNING, HAIFA, ISRAEL, 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.400476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-010-9120-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99136-8"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","first-page":"1142","article-title":"Environmental sound recognition with time;frequency audio features. Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","volume":"17","author":"Chu S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"S. Chu , S. Narayanan , and C.-C.J. Kuo . Environmental sound recognition with time;frequency audio features. Audio, Speech, and Language Processing , IEEE Transactions on , 17 ( 6 ): 1142 -- 1158 , Aug 2009 . S. Chu, S. Narayanan, and C.-C.J. Kuo. Environmental sound recognition with time;frequency audio features. Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, IEEE Transactions on, 17(6):1142--1158, Aug 2009.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1644626"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"Comparison of parametric representations for monosyllabic word recognition in continuously spoken sentences. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","volume":"28","author":"Davis S.","year":"1980","unstructured":"S. Davis and P. Mermelstein . Comparison of parametric representations for monosyllabic word recognition in continuously spoken sentences. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing , IEEE Transactions on , 28 ( 4 ): 357 -- 366 , Aug 1980 . S. Davis and P. Mermelstein. Comparison of parametric representations for monosyllabic word recognition in continuously spoken sentences. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on, 28(4):357--366, Aug 1980.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1221464110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"How many samples are needed to estimate a convolutional or recurrent neural network?","author":"Du Simon S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Simon S. Du , Yining Wang , Xiyu Zhai , Sivaraman Balakrishnan , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , and Aarti Singh . How many samples are needed to estimate a convolutional or recurrent neural network? , 2018 . Simon S. Du, Yining Wang, Xiyu Zhai, Sivaraman Balakrishnan, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Aarti Singh. How many samples are needed to estimate a convolutional or recurrent neural network?, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSA.2005.854103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"24th AES Conference on Multichannel Audio","author":"Farina A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"A. Farina and R. Ayalon . Recording concert hall acoustics for posterity . In 24th AES Conference on Multichannel Audio , Banff, Canada, pages 26--28 , 2003 . A. Farina and R. Ayalon. Recording concert hall acoustics for posterity. In 24th AES Conference on Multichannel Audio, Banff, Canada, pages 26--28, 2003."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Van Gegel. Onionphone v0. 2a: Voip add-on for torchat.  Van Gegel. Onionphone v0. 2a: Voip add-on for torchat."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Van Gegel. Torfone: P2p secure and anonymous voip tool. http:\/\/torfone.org 2012.  Van Gegel. Torfone: P2p secure and anonymous voip tool. http:\/\/torfone.org 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/185248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12720\/jcm.8.11.758-767"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1515\/popets-2017-0011","article-title":"Practical protection of metadata in telephony networks","volume":"2017","author":"Heuser Stephan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stephan Heuser , Bradley Reaves , Praveen Kumar Pendyala , Henry Carter , Alexandra Dmitrienko , William Enck , Negar Kiyavash , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , and Patrick Traynor . Phonion : Practical protection of metadata in telephony networks . PoPETs , 2017 ( 1 ): 170 -- 187 , 2017 . Stephan Heuser, Bradley Reaves, Praveen Kumar Pendyala, Henry Carter, Alexandra Dmitrienko, William Enck, Negar Kiyavash, Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi, and Patrick Traynor. Phonion: Practical protection of metadata in telephony networks. PoPETs, 2017(1):170--187, 2017.","journal-title":"PoPETs"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2009.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDSP.2014.6900732"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-010-9192-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1288869.1288879"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3065386"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","author":"Georgiev Petko","year":"2015","unstructured":"NicholasDLane, Petko Georgiev , and Lorena Qendro . Deepear : robust smartphone audio sensing in unconstrained acoustic environments using deep learning . In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing , pages 283 -- 294 , 2015 . NicholasDLane, Petko Georgiev, and Lorena Qendro. Deepear: robust smartphone audio sensing in unconstrained acoustic environments using deep learning. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing, pages 283--294, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","first-page":"556","volume-title":"NIPS","author":"Lee Daniel D.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Daniel D. Lee and H. Sebastian Seung . Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization . In In NIPS , pages 556 -- 562 . MIT Press , 2000 . Daniel D. Lee and H. Sebastian Seung. Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization. In In NIPS, pages 556--562. MIT Press, 2000."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2936367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1555816.1555834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2010.5495479"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2012.6288258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Morgan Kaufmann","author":"Medhi Deep","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deep Medhi and Karthik Ramasamy . Network routing: algorithms, protocols, and architectures . Morgan Kaufmann , 2017 . Deep Medhi and Karthik Ramasamy. Network routing: algorithms, protocols, and architectures. Morgan Kaufmann, 2017."},{"issue":"7540","key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","first-page":"529","article-title":"Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning","volume":"518","author":"Mnih Volodymyr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Volodymyr Mnih , Koray Kavukcuoglu , David Silver , Andrei A. Rusu , Joel Veness , Marc G. Bellemare , Alex Graves , Martin Riedmiller , Andreas K. Fidjeland , Georg Ostrovski , Stig Petersen , Charles Beattie , Amir Sadik , Ioannis Antonoglou , Helen King , Dharshan Kumaran , Daan Wierstra , Shane Legg , and Demis Hassabis . Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning . CVPR , 518 ( 7540 ): 529 -- 533 , February 2015 . Volodymyr Mnih, Koray Kavukcuoglu, David Silver, Andrei A. Rusu, Joel Veness, Marc G. Bellemare, Alex Graves, Martin Riedmiller, Andreas K. Fidjeland, Georg Ostrovski, Stig Petersen, Charles Beattie, Amir Sadik, Ioannis Antonoglou, Helen King, Dharshan Kumaran, Daan Wierstra, Shane Legg, and Demis Hassabis. Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning. CVPR, 518(7540):529--533, February 2015.","journal-title":"CVPR"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2013.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-61382-6_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Audio Engineering Society Convention 143","author":"Murgai Prateek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prateek Murgai , Mark Rau , and Jean-Marc Jot . Blind estimation of the reverberation fingerprint of unknown acoustic environments . In Audio Engineering Society Convention 143 . Audio Engineering Society , 2017 . Prateek Murgai, Mark Rau, and Jean-Marc Jot. Blind estimation of the reverberation fingerprint of unknown acoustic environments. In Audio Engineering Society Convention 143. Audio Engineering Society, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3317549.3323407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Odeon---another hybrid room acoustical model. Applied Acoustics, 38(2--4):131 -- 143","author":"Naylor G.M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"G.M. Naylor . Odeon---another hybrid room acoustical model. Applied Acoustics, 38(2--4):131 -- 143 , 1993 . G.M. Naylor. Odeon---another hybrid room acoustical model. Applied Acoustics, 38(2--4):131 -- 143, 1993."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2014.6853834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Snowden documents show nsa gathering 5bn cell phone records daily. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/dec\/04\/nsa-storing-cell-phone-records-daily-snowden","author":"Paul Lewis The Guardian","year":"2013","unstructured":"The Guardian Paul Lewis . Snowden documents show nsa gathering 5bn cell phone records daily. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/dec\/04\/nsa-storing-cell-phone-records-daily-snowden , 2013 . The Guardian Paul Lewis. Snowden documents show nsa gathering 5bn cell phone records daily. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/dec\/04\/nsa-storing-cell-phone-records-daily-snowden, 2013."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","first-page":"2098","article-title":"Improved signal-to-noise ratio estimation for speech enhancement. Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","volume":"14","author":"Plapous C.","year":"2006","unstructured":"C. Plapous , C. Marro , and P. Scalart . Improved signal-to-noise ratio estimation for speech enhancement. Audio, Speech, and Language Processing , IEEE Transactions on , 14 ( 6 ): 2098 -- 2108 , Nov 2006 . C. Plapous, C. Marro, and P. Scalart. Improved signal-to-noise ratio estimation for speech enhancement. Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, IEEE Transactions on, 14(6):2098--2108, Nov 2006.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPIN.2018.8533695"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3214278"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2007.903937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46493-0_32"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Mehool Intwala, Apu Kapadia, and XiaoFeng Wang. Soundcomber: A stealthy and context-aware sound trojan for smartphones","author":"Schlegel Roman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roman Schlegel , Kehuan Zhang , Xiao Yong Zhou , Mehool Intwala, Apu Kapadia, and XiaoFeng Wang. Soundcomber: A stealthy and context-aware sound trojan for smartphones . In NDSS. The Internet Society , 2011 . Roman Schlegel, Kehuan Zhang, Xiao Yong Zhou, Mehool Intwala, Apu Kapadia, and XiaoFeng Wang. Soundcomber: A stealthy and context-aware sound trojan for smartphones. In NDSS. The Internet Society, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Hearing your touch: A new acoustic side channel on smartphones. arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.11137","author":"Shumailov Ilia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ilia Shumailov , Laurent Simon , Jeff Yan , and Ross Anderson . Hearing your touch: A new acoustic side channel on smartphones. arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.11137 , 2019 . Ilia Shumailov, Laurent Simon, Jeff Yan, and Ross Anderson. Hearing your touch: A new acoustic side channel on smartphones. arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.11137, 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1620545.1620559"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1999995.2000011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"Pre-computing geometry-based reverberation effects for games","author":"Tsingos Nicolas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nicolas Tsingos . Pre-computing geometry-based reverberation effects for games , 2004 . Nicolas Tsingos. Pre-computing geometry-based reverberation effects for games, 2004."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","first-page":"2141","article-title":"Enhancement of spatial sound quality: A new reverberation-extraction audio upmixer. Audio, Speech, and Language Processing","volume":"15","author":"Usher J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"J. Usher and J. Benesty . Enhancement of spatial sound quality: A new reverberation-extraction audio upmixer. Audio, Speech, and Language Processing , IEEE Transactions on , 15 ( 7 ): 2141 -- 2150 , Sept 2007 . J. Usher and J. Benesty. Enhancement of spatial sound quality: A new reverberation-extraction audio upmixer. Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, IEEE Transactions on, 15(7):2141--2150, Sept 2007.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359789.3359807"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"Modelling, Simulation, and Acoustic Virtual Reality","author":"Michael","year":"2007","unstructured":"Michael Vorla:ander. Auralisation: Fundamentals of Acoustics , Modelling, Simulation, and Acoustic Virtual Reality . Springer , 2007 . Michael Vorla:ander. Auralisation: Fundamentals of Acoustics, Modelling, Simulation, and Acoustic Virtual Reality. Springer, 2007."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","first-page":"763","article-title":"Csi-based finger-printing for indoor localization: A deep learning approach","volume":"66","author":"Wang Xuyu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xuyu Wang , Lingjun Gao , Shiwen Mao , and Santosh Pandey . Csi-based finger-printing for indoor localization: A deep learning approach . IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology , 66 ( 1 ): 763 -- 776 , 2016 . Xuyu Wang, Lingjun Gao, Shiwen Mao, and Santosh Pandey. Csi-based finger-printing for indoor localization: A deep learning approach. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 66(1):763--776, 2016.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1067170.1067193"}],"event":{"name":"WiSec '21: 14th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks","location":"Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates","acronym":"WiSec '21","sponsor":["SIGSAC ACM Special Interest Group on Security, Audit, and Control"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3448300.3467816","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3448300.3467816","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:47:41Z","timestamp":1750193261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3448300.3467816"}},"subtitle":["passive VoIP call provenance via acoustic side-channels"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3448300.3467816","10.1145\/3448300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3448300.3467816","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}