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This paper examines and seeks to offer a framework for analyzing how organizational culture and structure impact the effectiveness of responsible AI initiatives in practice. We present the results of semi-structured qualitative interviews with practitioners working in industry, investigating common challenges, ethical tensions, and effective enablers for responsible AI initiatives. Focusing on major companies developing or utilizing AI, we have mapped what organizational structures currently support or hinder responsible AI initiatives, what aspirational future processes and structures would best enable effective initiatives, and what key elements comprise the transition from current work practices to the aspirational future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3449081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T17:47:23Z","timestamp":1619113643000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":269,"title":["Where Responsible AI meets Reality"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Bogdana","family":"Rakova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership on AI &amp; Accenture, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership on AI, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henriette","family":"Cramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spotify, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rumman","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accenture, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Mulligan","author":"Bamberger Kenneth A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kenneth A. 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