{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T17:56:06Z","timestamp":1776102966523,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"CSCW1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Enabling the free and equal exchange of arguments on social issues in a respectful manner is an integral part of establishing the democratic ideal. However, the current manifestation of online spaces tends to facilitate the gathering of like-minded people, leading to the polarization of opinions. Such polarization inhibits the sharing of diverse opinions and deteriorates respect for disagreeing opinions. To tackle this issue, we present StarryThoughts, an online system that supports users to express and explore diverse perspectives on social issues. The system supports three types of exploration of the collected arguments online: navigating opinions based on the demographic identities of the posters, checking the the stereotypes users hold towards demographics in relation to given social issues, and engaging with opinions with semantically different point-of-views. By deploying the system to the public in co-operation with a nationwide broadcasting company, we collected 1,950 opinions with 144 free-form responses from 1,209 visitors as initial data and iterated on the design. Results from a user study with 56 participants showed that the system enables participants to explore a wide range of opinions on social issues, be more informed on the various arguments, and be more confident about their opinions. From our findings, we provide several design considerations for building online systems for supporting users to explore diverse opinions on social issues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3449140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T17:51:09Z","timestamp":1619113869000},"page":"1-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["StarryThoughts"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Hyunwoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Haesoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Kyung Je","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Juho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Five design principles for crowdsourced policymaking: assessing the case of crowdsourced off road traffic law in Finland","volume":"2","author":"Aitamurto Tanja","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tanja Aitamurto and H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Landemore. 2015. Five design principles for crowdsourced policymaking: assessing the case of crowdsourced off road traffic law in Finland. Journal of Social Media for Organizations 2, 1 (2015), 1--19. https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2716769","journal-title":"Journal of Social Media for Organizations"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0090552679101006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations.","author":"Arora Sanjeev","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sanjeev Arora, Yingyu Liang, and Tengyu Ma. 2017. A Simple but Tough-to-Beat Baseline for Sentence Embeddings. In International Conference on Learning Representations."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Eun-ji Bahk. 2019. S. Korea to discuss 'gaming disorder' with game industry. https:\/\/www.koreatimes.co.kr\/www\/ nation\/2019\/05\/119_269501.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1804840115"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797615594620"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3214353"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-015-9380-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2011.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/105846002317246498"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1456650"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media 133","author":"Conover Michael","year":"2011","unstructured":"Michael Conover. 2011. Political Polarization on Twitter. Proceedings of the Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media 133, 26 (jul 2011), 10262--10274."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083--6101.2001.tb00137.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691180110097030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344949.345004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753502"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Rulemaking vs. Democracy: Judging and Nudging Public Participation that Counts. Cornell e-Rulemaking Initiative Publications 17","author":"Farina Cynthia R.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cynthia R. Farina, Mary J. Newhart, and Josiah Heidt. 2014. Rulemaking vs. Democracy: Judging and Nudging Public Participation that Counts. Cornell e-Rulemaking Initiative Publications 17 (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-019-02561-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.ap.5500121"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444817724170"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"D.R. Forsyth. 2018. Group Dynamics. Cengage Learning. https:\/\/books.google.co.kr\/books?id=Ba9EDwAAQBAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3172944.3172970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/002075900399439"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Walther","author":"Jang Jeong Woo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeong Woo Jang and Joseph B. Walther. 2019. Self-categorization of users' comments and ingroup influence: the moderating role of context-dependent ingroup identification. Cyberpsychology 13, 4 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5817\/ CP2019-4-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(92)90047-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3312769"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Sam Kim. 2019. South Korea's Bid to Raise the Retirement Age Faces Rocky Path. https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/ articles\/2019-10-14\/south-korea-s-bid-to-raise-the-retirement-age-faces-rocky-path"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Victoria Kim. 2019. He played for 72 hours straight: South Korea wrestles with video game addiction. https: \/\/www.latimes.com\/world-nation\/story\/2019-10-17\/south-korea-video-game-addiction-mental-health"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025592"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420220204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2145204.2145249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208621"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.polisci.9.070204.105138"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12077"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Kyung-min Lee. 2020. Korea divided over deferring retirement age. https:\/\/www.koreatimes.co.kr\/www\/biz\/2020\/02\/ 367_283528.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2531602.2531711"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167292182005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.58.5.812"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650212466406"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM '13)","author":"Munson Sean","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sean Munson, Stephanie Lee, and Paul Resnick. 2013. Encouraging Reading of Diverse Political Viewpoints with a Browser Widget. In Proceedings of the Seventh International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM '13). 419--428. https:\/\/www.aaai.org\/ocs\/index.php\/ICWSM\/ICWSM13\/paper\/view\/6119"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lala Muradova. 0. Seeing the Other Side? Perspective-Taking and Reflective Political Judgements in Interpersonal Deliberation. Political Studies 0 0 (0) 0032321720916605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0032321720916605","DOI":"10.1177\/0032321720916605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3196709.3196764"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359243"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460--2466.1974.tb00367.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"The Filter Bubble: What The Internet Is Hiding From You","author":"Pariser E.","unstructured":"E. Pariser. 2011. The Filter Bubble: What The Internet Is Hiding From You. Penguin Books Limited."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022--3514.63.4.553"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Manning","author":"Pennington Jeffrey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jeffrey Pennington, Richard Socher, and Christopher D. Manning. 2014. GloVe: Global Vectors for Word Representation. In Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). 1532--1543. http:\/\/www.aclweb.org\/anthology\/D14-1162"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298868.2017.1361861"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327957PSPR0501_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.13.1.70.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(86)90050-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"C.R. Sunstein. 2001. Republic.com. Princeton University Press. https:\/\/books.google.co.kr\/books?id=O7AG9TxDJdgC"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpor"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"The Psychology of the Internet","author":"Wallace Patricia","unstructured":"Patricia Wallace. 1999. The Psychology of the Internet. Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ CBO9780511581670"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2012.01598.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224540903365521"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702193"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3449140","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3449140","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:18:17Z","timestamp":1750191497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3449140"}},"subtitle":["Facilitating Diverse Opinion Exploration on Social Issues"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"CSCW1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3449140"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3449140","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}