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However, although this framework aspires to support designing with people with all kinds of disabilities, it is mainly effective in supporting those whose abilities can be clearly defined and measured, in particular, physical and sensory attributes of ability. As a result, the ability-based design framework only provides limited guidance to design with users with intellectual disability, whose cognitive, physical, sensory, and practical abilities vary along a spectrum. In this article, we reflect on a long-term co-design study where we leveraged what we termed \u201ccompetencies,\u201d i.e., the representative practical skills people develop from their participation in life activities, in particular, mainstream technologies, such as social media and the Internet. Our reflection is based on our experience in designing SkillsTube, a web application we co-designed with young adults with intellectual disability to support them to learn life skills through videos. The app's design, which explored and leveraged their social media participation competencies, supported the fundamental participation of all participants and their peers. Their familiarity with the app's social media-inspired design features fostered confidence in their participation, usability, and engagement. Drawing on the findings and design process of the app, we discuss a\n            <jats:italic>Competency-based<\/jats:italic>\n            approach to designing with people with disabilities that extends upon ability-based design, by grounding it in user competencies.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3450355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T22:07:41Z","timestamp":1626905261000},"page":"1-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Toward a Competency-based Approach to Co-designing Technologies with People with Intellectual Disability"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Bayor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology, Australia"}]},{"given":"Margot","family":"Brereton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology, Australia"}]},{"given":"Laurianne","family":"Sitbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology, Australia"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Ploderer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology, Australia"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Bircanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland University of Technology, Australia"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Favre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille University, France"}]},{"given":"Stewart","family":"Koplick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endeavour Foundation, Brisbane-Australia"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"AAIDD. 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