{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T10:43:01Z","timestamp":1770979381878,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Parametric shapes model objects as programs producing a geometry based on a few semantic degrees of freedom, called hyper-parameters. These shapes are the typical output of non-destructive modeling, CAD modeling or rigging. However they suffer from the core issue of being manipulated only indirectly, through a series of values rather than the geometry itself. In this paper, we introduce an amendment process of the underlying direct acyclic graph (DAG) of a parametric shape. This amendment enables a local differentiation of the shape w.r.t. its hyper-parameters that we leverage to provide interactive direct manipulation of the output. By acting on the shape synthesis process itself, our method is agnostic to the variations of the connectivity and topology that may occur in its output while changing the input hyper-parameters. Furthermore, our method is oblivious to the internal logic of the DAG nodes. We illustrate our approach on a collection of examples combining the typical nodes found in modern parametric modeling packages - such as deformation, booleans and surfacing operators - for which our method provides the user with inverse control over the hyper-parameters through a brush stroke metaphor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3450626.3459823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:04:27Z","timestamp":1626739467000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["DAG amendment for inverse control of parametric shapes"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"\u00c9lie","family":"Michel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Tamy","family":"Boubekeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adobe, France"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3379337.3415877"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2508363.2508415"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897826.2927323"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186822.1073207"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13310"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2312\/SCA\/SCA07\/151-160"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12816"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.1998.724639"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","volume-title":"An Inverse Kinematics Architecture Enforcing an Arbitrary Number of Strict Priority Levels. The visual computer 20, 6","author":"Baerlocher Paolo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Paolo Baerlocher and Ronan Boulic . 2004. An Inverse Kinematics Architecture Enforcing an Arbitrary Number of Strict Priority Levels. The visual computer 20, 6 ( 2004 ), 402--417. Paolo Baerlocher and Ronan Boulic. 2004. An Inverse Kinematics Architecture Enforcing an Arbitrary Number of Strict Priority Levels. The visual computer 20, 6 (2004), 402--417."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1275808.1276467"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2013.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311556"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185574"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"PriMo: Coupled Prisms for Intuitive Surface Modeling. In Symposium on Geometry Processing. 11--20","author":"Botsch Mario","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mario Botsch , Mark Pauly , Markus H Gross , and Leif Kobbelt . 2006 . PriMo: Coupled Prisms for Intuitive Surface Modeling. In Symposium on Geometry Processing. 11--20 . Mario Botsch, Mark Pauly, Markus H Gross, and Leif Kobbelt. 2006. PriMo: Coupled Prisms for Intuitive Surface Modeling. In Symposium on Geometry Processing. 11--20."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2007.1054"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073368.1073412"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386569.3392409"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237170.237191"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.1992.220301"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00048"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1576246.1531339"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","unstructured":"Yaroslav Ganin Tejas Kulkarni Igor Babuschkin S. M. Ali Eslami and Oriol Vinyals. 2018. Synthesizing Programs for Images Using Reinforced Adversarial Learning. (2018). arXiv:1804.01118 [cs.CV]  Yaroslav Ganin Tejas Kulkarni Igor Babuschkin S. M. Ali Eslami and Oriol Vinyals. 2018. Synthesizing Programs for Images Using Reinforced Adversarial Learning. (2018). arXiv:1804.01118 [cs.CV]"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185568"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2017.2730877"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/383259.383282"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2786784.2786788"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073323"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2010324.1964973"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3414685.3417812"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12807"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12546"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1275808.1276457"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015811"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2020.2995556"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12344"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/304012.304025"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2017.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2014.2359463"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2010.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778769"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130800.3130813"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13105"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13615"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12579"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3306346.3322969"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2816795.2818013"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).","author":"Mahmood Naureen","unstructured":"Naureen Mahmood , Nima Ghorbani , Nikolaus F. Troje , Gerard Pons-Moll , and Michael J. Black . 2019. AMASS: Archive of Motion Capture as Surface Shapes . In Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). Naureen Mahmood, Nima Ghorbani, Nikolaus F. Troje, Gerard Pons-Moll, and Michael J. Black. 2019. AMASS: Archive of Motion Capture as Surface Shapes. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.14046"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1183287.1183294"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1730804.1730810"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12010"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2614028.2615401"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","volume-title":"STAR: A Spare Trained Articulated Human Body Regressor. In European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV).","author":"Osman Ahmed A A","unstructured":"Ahmed A A Osman , Timo Bolkart , and Michael J. Black . 2020 . STAR: A Spare Trained Articulated Human Body Regressor. In European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV). Ahmed A A Osman, Timo Bolkart, and Michael J. Black. 2020. STAR: A Spare Trained Articulated Human Body Regressor. In European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1275808.1276449"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2010.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2007.364159"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0005720101980210"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2012.2234351"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186562.1015812"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_60_1","volume-title":"CSGNet: Neural Shape Parser for Constructive Solid Geometry. In The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).","author":"Sharma Gopal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gopal Sharma , Rishabh Goyal , Difan Liu , Evangelos Kalogerakis , and Subhransu Maji . 2018 . CSGNet: Neural Shape Parser for Constructive Solid Geometry. In The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). Gopal Sharma, Rishabh Goyal, Difan Liu, Evangelos Kalogerakis, and Subhransu Maji. 2018. CSGNet: Neural Shape Parser for Constructive Solid Geometry. In The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1281991.1282006"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073218"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1618452.1618513"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1944846.1944851"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_65_1","volume-title":"14th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications (Pacific Graphics","author":"Tierny Julien","year":"2006","unstructured":"Julien Tierny , Jean-Philippe Vandeborre , and Mohamed Daoudi . 2006 . 3D Mesh Skeleton Extraction Using Topological and Geometrical Analyses . In 14th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications (Pacific Graphics 2006). Tapei, Taiwan, s1poster. Julien Tierny, Jean-Philippe Vandeborre, and Mohamed Daoudi. 2006. 3D Mesh Skeleton Extraction Using Topological and Geometrical Analyses. In 14th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications (Pacific Graphics 2006). Tapei, Taiwan, s1poster."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0734-189X(84)90200-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3145749.3145758"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2011.01884.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_69_1","volume-title":"JNR: Joint-Based Neural Rig Representation for Compact 3D Face Modeling.","author":"Vesdapunt Noranart","year":"2020","unstructured":"Noranart Vesdapunt , Mitch Rundle , HsiangTao Wu , and Baoyuan Wang . 2020 . JNR: Joint-Based Neural Rig Representation for Compact 3D Face Modeling. (2020). arXiv:2007.06755 [cs.CV] Noranart Vesdapunt, Mitch Rundle, HsiangTao Wu, and Baoyuan Wang. 2020. JNR: Joint-Based Neural Rig Representation for Compact 3D Face Modeling. (2020). arXiv:2007.06755 [cs.CV]"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CA.2000.889075"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2980179.2982433"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emily Whiting John Ochsendorf and Fr\u00e9do Durand. 2009. Procedural Modeling of Structurally-Sound Masonry Buildings. (2009).  Emily Whiting John Ochsendorf and Fr\u00e9do Durand. 2009. Procedural Modeling of Structurally-Sound Masonry Buildings. (2009).","DOI":"10.1145\/1661412.1618458"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12491"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3DV.2019.00041"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2024156.2024158"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_76_1","volume-title":"Inference Stage Optimization for Cross-Scenario 3d Human Pose Estimation. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 33","author":"Zhang Jianfeng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jianfeng Zhang , Xuecheng Nie , and Jiashi Feng . 2020. Inference Stage Optimization for Cross-Scenario 3d Human Pose Estimation. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 33 ( 2020 ). Jianfeng Zhang, Xuecheng Nie, and Jiashi Feng. 2020. Inference Stage Optimization for Cross-Scenario 3d Human Pose Estimation. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 33 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_77_1","volume-title":"Mitra","author":"Zhao Xin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xin Zhao , Cheng-Cheng Tang , Yong-Liang Yang , Helmut Pottmann , and Niloy J . Mitra . 2013 . Intuitive Design Exploration of Constrained Meshes. In Advances in Architectural Geometry 2012, Lars Hesselgren, Shrikant Sharma, Johannes Wallner, Niccolo Baldassini, Philippe Bompas, and Jacques Raynaud (Eds.). Springer Vienna , Vienna, 305--318. Xin Zhao, Cheng-Cheng Tang, Yong-Liang Yang, Helmut Pottmann, and Niloy J. Mitra. 2013. Intuitive Design Exploration of Constrained Meshes. In Advances in Architectural Geometry 2012, Lars Hesselgren, Shrikant Sharma, Johannes Wallner, Niccolo Baldassini, Philippe Bompas, and Jacques Raynaud (Eds.). Springer Vienna, Vienna, 305--318."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3450626.3459823","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3450626.3459823","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:17:20Z","timestamp":1750191440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3450626.3459823"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"references-count":77,"aliases":["10.1145\/3476576.3476760"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3450626.3459823"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3450626.3459823","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}