{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T19:09:48Z","timestamp":1783105788696,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre for Perceptual and Interactive Intelligence (CPII) Limited at Hong Kong"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IES\\R3\\170164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IES\\R3\\170164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["2047342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2047342"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000879","name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000879","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            In this paper, we present a new computational pipeline for designing and fabricating 4D garments as knitwear that considers comfort during body movement. This is achieved by careful control of elasticity distribution to reduce uncomfortable pressure and unwanted sliding caused by body motion. We exploit the ability to knit patterns in different elastic levels by\n            <jats:italic>single-jersey jacquard<\/jats:italic>\n            (SJJ) with two yarns. We design the distribution of elasticity for a garment by physics-based computation, the optimized elasticity on the garment is then converted into instructions for a digital knitting machine by two algorithms proposed in this paper. Specifically, a graph-based algorithm is proposed to generate knittable stitch meshes that can accurately capture the 3D shape of a garment, and a tiling algorithm is employed to assign SJJ patterns on the stitch mesh to realize the designed distribution of elasticity. The effectiveness of our approach is verified on simulation results and on specimens physically fabricated by knitting machines.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3450626.3459868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:04:26Z","timestamp":1626739466000},"page":"1-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Knitting 4D garments with elasticity controlled for body motion"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Zishun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingjian","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Perceptual and Interactive Intelligence (CPII) Limited, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangjia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Perceptual and Interactive Intelligence (CPII) Limited, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Kun","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugeni L.","family":"Doubrovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Whiting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie C. L.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300414"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073207"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/280814.280821"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925896"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461975"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778800"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566623"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"Brother. 2013. KH970\/KR850. https:\/\/youtu.be\/HrQ2_pGFzvM  Brother. 2013. KH970\/KR850. https:\/\/youtu.be\/HrQ2_pGFzvM"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185532"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2601097.2601189"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2006.00982.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/359842.359846"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276438"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3072959.3073709"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2008.01318.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1360612.1360664"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3332165.3347879"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fib3040575"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2015.2446472"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7ois Ladev\u00e8ze Alfred Darroux and Jacques Darroux. 1860. M\u00e9thode de coupe pour hommes: syst\u00e9m Vauclair-Darroux (1\u00e9re \u00e8dition). Acad\u00e9mie Internationale de Coupe de Paris.  Fran\u00e7ois Ladev\u00e8ze Alfred Darroux and Jacques Darroux. 1860. M\u00e9thode de coupe pour hommes: syst\u00e9m Vauclair-Darroux (1\u00e9re \u00e8dition). Acad\u00e9mie Internationale de Coupe de Paris."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3272127.3275105"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201308"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201310"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Geometry Processing","author":"Liu Ligang","unstructured":"Ligang Liu , Lei Zhang , Yin Xu , Craig Gotsman , and Steven J. Gortler . 2008. A Local\/Global Approach to Mesh Parameterization . In Proceedings of the Symposium on Geometry Processing ( Copenhagen, Denmark) (SGP '08). Eurographics Association, Goslar, DEU, 1495--1504. Ligang Liu, Lei Zhang, Yin Xu, Craig Gotsman, and Steven J. Gortler. 2008. A Local\/Global Approach to Mesh Parameterization. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Geometry Processing (Copenhagen, Denmark) (SGP '08). Eurographics Association, Goslar, DEU, 1495--1504."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661229.2661273"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2816795.2818013"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3272127.3275036"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925940"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2010.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015711"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386569.3392477"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2462010"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2366145.2366171"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","volume-title":"ARCSim: Adaptive Refining and Coarsening Simulator. UC Berkeley. Retrieved","author":"Narain Rahul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rahul Narain , Armin Samii , Tobias Pfaff , and James F . O'Brien. 2013b . ARCSim: Adaptive Refining and Coarsening Simulator. UC Berkeley. Retrieved March 16, 2020 from http:\/\/graphics.berkeley.edu\/resources\/ARCSim\/ Rahul Narain, Armin Samii, Tobias Pfaff, and James F. O'Brien. 2013b. ARCSim: Adaptive Refining and Coarsening Simulator. UC Berkeley. Retrieved March 16, 2020 from http:\/\/graphics.berkeley.edu\/resources\/ARCSim\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3186265"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3306346.3322995"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","volume-title":"Towards Mechanical Level of Detail for Knitwear Simulation. In The 9th International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision. 252--259","author":"Nocent Olivier","year":"2001","unstructured":"Olivier Nocent , Jean-Michel Nourrit , and Yannick Remion . 2001 . Towards Mechanical Level of Detail for Knitwear Simulation. In The 9th International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision. 252--259 . Olivier Nocent, Jean-Michel Nourrit, and Yannick Remion. 2001. Towards Mechanical Level of Detail for Knitwear Simulation. In The 9th International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision. 252--259."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2766937"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3072959.3073695"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2766998"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2766926"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","unstructured":"Shima Seiki. 2019. Mach 2XS153. https:\/\/www.shimaseiki.com\/  Shima Seiki. 2019. Mach 2XS153. https:\/\/www.shimaseiki.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461979"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2601097.2601166"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2012.2188875"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-85573-333-6.50004-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3386569.3392412"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1964921.1964985"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/218380.218432"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2006.872112"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2052850"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2009.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2009.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2010324.1964966"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201360"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3292481"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2699648"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185533"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130800.3130881"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1037957.1037958"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3306346.3322988"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_63_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Geometry Processing","author":"Zhang Xiaoting","unstructured":"Xiaoting Zhang , Xinyi Le , Zihao Wu , Emily Whiting , and Charlie C. L. Wang . 2016. Data-Driven Bending Elasticity Design by Shell Thickness . In Proceedings of the Symposium on Geometry Processing ( Berlin, Germany) (SGP '16). Eurographics Association, Goslar, DEU, 157--166. Xiaoting Zhang, Xinyi Le, Zihao Wu, Emily Whiting, and Charlie C. L. Wang. 2016. Data-Driven Bending Elasticity Design by Shell Thickness. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Geometry Processing (Berlin, Germany) (SGP '16). Eurographics Association, Goslar, DEU, 157--166."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3450626.3459868","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3450626.3459868","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3450626.3459868","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:17:21Z","timestamp":1750191441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3450626.3459868"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"references-count":63,"aliases":["10.1145\/3476576.3476613"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3450626.3459868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3450626.3459868","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}