{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:22:47Z","timestamp":1750220567597,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Internet Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reduction in the cost of Network Cameras along with a rise in connectivity enables entities all around the world to deploy vast arrays of camera networks. Network cameras offer real-time visual data that can be used for studying traffic patterns, emergency response, security, and other applications. Although many sources of Network Camera data are available, collecting the data remains difficult due to variations in programming interface and website structures. Previous solutions rely on manually parsing the target website, taking many hours to complete. We create a general and automated solution for aggregating Network Camera data spread across thousands of uniquely structured web pages. We analyze heterogeneous web page structures and identify common characteristics among 73 sample Network Camera websites (each website has multiple web pages). These characteristics are then used to build an automated camera discovery module that crawls and aggregates Network Camera data. Our system successfully extracts 57,364 Network Cameras from 237,257 unique web pages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3450629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]],"date-time":"2021-10-16T00:44:52Z","timestamp":1634345092000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Automated Discovery of Network Cameras in Heterogeneous Web Pages"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ryan","family":"Dailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aniesh","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sripath","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Majors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yung-Hsiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George K.","family":"Thiruvathukal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loyola University Chicago, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Arizona 511. 2019. Arizona Cameras | Live Arizona Cameras | AZ 511. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.az511.gov\/cctv?.  Arizona 511. 2019. Arizona Cameras | Live Arizona Cameras | AZ 511. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.az511.gov\/cctv?."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd European Workshop on Visual Information Processing (EUVIP'10)","author":"Manap N. Abd","year":"2010","unstructured":"N. Abd Manap , G. Di Caterina , J. Soraghan , V. Sidharth , and H. Yao . 2010. Face detection and stereo matching algorithms for smart surveillance system with IP cameras . In Proceedings of the 2nd European Workshop on Visual Information Processing (EUVIP'10) . 77\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EUVIP. 2010 .5699107 10.1109\/EUVIP.2010.5699107 N. Abd Manap, G. Di Caterina, J. Soraghan, V. Sidharth, and H. Yao. 2010. Face detection and stereo matching algorithms for smart surveillance system with IP cameras. In Proceedings of the 2nd European Workshop on Visual Information Processing (EUVIP'10). 77\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EUVIP.2010.5699107"},{"volume-title":"A smart camera for traffic surveillance","author":"Baran Remigiusz","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Remigiusz Baran , Tomasz Ru\u015b\u0107 , and Mariusz Rychlik . 2014. A smart camera for traffic surveillance . In Multimedia Communications, Services, and Security, Andrzej Dziech and Andrzej Czy\u017cewski (Eds.). Springer International Publishing , Cham , 1\u201315. Remigiusz Baran, Tomasz Ru\u015b\u0107, and Mariusz Rychlik. 2014. A smart camera for traffic surveillance. In Multimedia Communications, Services, and Security, Andrzej Dziech and Andrzej Czy\u017cewski (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 1\u201315."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3308558.3313685"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"511\n    Alberta CA. 2019. 511AB. Retrieved from https:\/\/511.alberta.ca\/.  511 Alberta CA. 2019. 511AB. Retrieved from https:\/\/511.alberta.ca\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"511\n    South Carolina. 2019. South Carolina 511. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.511sc.org\/#.  511 South Carolina. 2019. South Carolina 511. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.511sc.org\/#."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC'08)","author":"Chen W.","year":"2008","unstructured":"W. Chen , P. Chen , W. Lee , and C. Huang . 2008. Design and implementation of a real time video surveillance system with wireless sensor networks . In Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC'08) . 218\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VETECS. 2008 .57 10.1109\/VETECS.2008.57 W. Chen, P. Chen, W. Lee, and C. Huang. 2008. Design and implementation of a real time video surveillance system with wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC'08). 218\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VETECS.2008.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.1132.abs"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Mountain News Corporation. 2019. Norway Ski Resort Webcams | OnTheSnow. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.onthesnow.com\/norway\/webcams.html.  Mountain News Corporation. 2019. Norway Ski Resort Webcams | OnTheSnow. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.onthesnow.com\/norway\/webcams.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan Dailey Ahmed S. Kaseb Chandler Brown Sam Jenkins Sam Yellin Fengjian Pan and Yung-Hsiang Lu. 2017. Creating the world's largest real-time camera network. In Imaging and Multimedia Analytics in a Web and Mobile World. Retrieved from https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/HELPS\/Publications\/papers\/2017EI.pdf.  Ryan Dailey Ahmed S. Kaseb Chandler Brown Sam Jenkins Sam Yellin Fengjian Pan and Yung-Hsiang Lu. 2017. Creating the world's largest real-time camera network. In Imaging and Multimedia Analytics in a Web and Mobile World. Retrieved from https:\/\/engineering.purdue.edu\/HELPS\/Publications\/papers\/2017EI.pdf.","DOI":"10.2352\/ISSN.2470-1173.2017.10.IMAWM-160"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"eisenbahnlivecam. 2019. ELC. Retrieved from http:\/\/eisenbahnlivecam.de.  eisenbahnlivecam. 2019. ELC. Retrieved from http:\/\/eisenbahnlivecam.de."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"The Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. 2019. Oklahoma traffic :: Advanced Travelers' Information System. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.oktraffic.org\/.  The Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. 2019. Oklahoma traffic :: Advanced Travelers' Information System. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.oktraffic.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IRI'17)","author":"Gauen K.","year":"2017","unstructured":"K. Gauen , R. Dailey , J. Laiman , Y. Zi , N. Asokan , Y. Lu , G. K. Thiruvathukal , M. Shyu , and S. Chen . 2017. Comparison of visual datasets for machine learning . In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IRI'17) . 346\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IRI. 2017 .59 10.1109\/IRI.2017.59 K. Gauen, R. Dailey, J. Laiman, Y. Zi, N. Asokan, Y. Lu, G. K. Thiruvathukal, M. Shyu, and S. Chen. 2017. Comparison of visual datasets for machine learning. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IRI'17). 346\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IRI.2017.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"GemsNet. 2019. Webcams from around the World\u2014WorldCam. Retrieved from http:\/\/worldcam.eu\/.  GemsNet. 2019. Webcams from around the World\u2014WorldCam. Retrieved from http:\/\/worldcam.eu\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Yandong Guo Lei Zhang Yuxiao Hu Xiaodong He and Jianfeng Gao. 2016. MS-Celeb-1M: A dataset and benchmark for large-scale face recognition. Retrieved from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1607.08221.  Yandong Guo Lei Zhang Yuxiao Hu Xiaodong He and Jianfeng Gao. 2016. MS-Celeb-1M: A dataset and benchmark for large-scale face recognition. Retrieved from http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1607.08221."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2009.36"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Mid-Continent Transportation Research Symposium. Citeseer, 1\u201313","author":"Hallowell Robert G.","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Robert G. Hallowell , Michael P. Matthews , and Paul A. Pisano . 2005. Automated extraction of weather variables from camera imagery . In Proceedings of the Mid-Continent Transportation Research Symposium. Citeseer, 1\u201313 . Robert G. Hallowell, Michael P. Matthews, and Paul A. Pisano. 2005. Automated extraction of weather variables from camera imagery. In Proceedings of the Mid-Continent Transportation Research Symposium. Citeseer, 1\u201313."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"INDOT. 2019. Indiana Real Time Traffic. Retrieved from http:\/\/pws.trafficwise.org\/pws\/.  INDOT. 2019. Indiana Real Time Traffic. Retrieved from http:\/\/pws.trafficwise.org\/pws\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1653771.1653789"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Proc. SPIE","volume":"9408","author":"Kaseb Ahmed S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahmed S. Kaseb , Wenyi Chen , Ganesh Gingade , and Yung-Hsiang Lu . 2015 . Worldview and route planning using live public cameras . In Proc. SPIE , Vol. 9408 . 94080I\u201394080I\u20138. Ahmed S. Kaseb, Wenyi Chen, Ganesh Gingade, and Yung-Hsiang Lu. 2015. Worldview and route planning using live public cameras. In Proc. SPIE, Vol. 9408. 94080I\u201394080I\u20138."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"South African National Roads Agency SOC Limited. 2019. KwaZulu-Natal Traffic | i-TRAFFIC | South Africa Traffic | Commuter Information. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.i-traffic.co.za\/region\/KwaZulu-Natal.  South African National Roads Agency SOC Limited. 2019. KwaZulu-Natal Traffic | i-TRAFFIC | South Africa Traffic | Commuter Information. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.i-traffic.co.za\/region\/KwaZulu-Natal."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2019.2906841"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3123266.3133335"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3274783.3275192"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Google Maps. 2019. Google Maps Platform | Google Developers. Retrieved from https:\/\/developers.google.com\/maps\/documentation\/.  Google Maps. 2019. Google Maps Platform | Google Developers. Retrieved from https:\/\/developers.google.com\/maps\/documentation\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s120505670"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Inc. MongoDB. 2019. Open Source Document Database | MongoDB. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.mongodb.com\/.  Inc. MongoDB. 2019. Open Source Document Database | MongoDB. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.mongodb.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Madhumita Murgia. 2019. Microsoft quietly deletes largest public face recognition data set. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d3e0d6a-87a0-11e9-a028-86cea8523dc2.  Madhumita Murgia. 2019. Microsoft quietly deletes largest public face recognition data set. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7d3e0d6a-87a0-11e9-a028-86cea8523dc2."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on World-Sensor-Web. Citeseer.","author":"Nath Suman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Suman Nath , Jie Liu , and Feng Zhao . 2006 . Challenges in building a portal for sensors world-wide . In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on World-Sensor-Web. Citeseer. Suman Nath, Jie Liu, and Feng Zhao. 2006. Challenges in building a portal for sensors world-wide. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on World-Sensor-Web. Citeseer."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"511\n    Nebraska. 2019. Nebraska 511 Travel Information. Retrieved from https:\/\/hb.511.nebraska.gov\/#cameras\/search?layers=cameras&timeFrame=TODAY.  511 Nebraska. 2019. Nebraska 511 Travel Information. Retrieved from https:\/\/hb.511.nebraska.gov\/#cameras\/search?layers=cameras&timeFrame=TODAY."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"The City of New York. 2019. NYCDOT\u2014Real Time Traffic Information. Retrieved from https:\/\/webcams.nyctmc.org\/.  The City of New York. 2019. NYCDOT\u2014Real Time Traffic Information. Retrieved from https:\/\/webcams.nyctmc.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"City of Tallahassee. 2019. Traffic | Traffic. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.talgov.com\/traffic\/traffic.aspx.  City of Tallahassee. 2019. Traffic | Traffic. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.talgov.com\/traffic\/traffic.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"California Department of Transportation. 2019. District 3\u2014Marysville\/Sacramento. Retrieved from http:\/\/dot.ca.gov\/d3\/cameras.html.  California Department of Transportation. 2019. District 3\u2014Marysville\/Sacramento. Retrieved from http:\/\/dot.ca.gov\/d3\/cameras.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Georgia Department of Transportation. 2019. Georgia 511. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.511ga.org\/#h_inc_ctl&cam_ctl&l_inc_ctl&zoom=4&lat=4013049.71109&lon=-9397806.77578.  Georgia Department of Transportation. 2019. Georgia 511. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.511ga.org\/#h_inc_ctl&cam_ctl&l_inc_ctl&zoom=4&lat=4013049.71109&lon=-9397806.77578."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Iowa Department of Transportation. 2019. Iowa Department of Transportation Traveler Information\u2014Low Bandwidth Web\u2014Cameras\u2014Route Selection. Retrieved from https:\/\/lb.511ia.org\/\/ialb\/cameras\/routeselect.jsf.  Iowa Department of Transportation. 2019. Iowa Department of Transportation Traveler Information\u2014Low Bandwidth Web\u2014Cameras\u2014Route Selection. Retrieved from https:\/\/lb.511ia.org\/\/ialb\/cameras\/routeselect.jsf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Kansas Department of Transportation. 2019. Kandrive. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.kandrive.org\/KanDrive\/roads\/cameras.  Kansas Department of Transportation. 2019. Kandrive. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.kandrive.org\/KanDrive\/roads\/cameras."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"Missouri Department of Transportation. 2019. MoDOT Traveler Information Map. Retrieved from http:\/\/traveler.modot.org\/map\/.  Missouri Department of Transportation. 2019. MoDOT Traveler Information Map. Retrieved from http:\/\/traveler.modot.org\/map\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"Montana Department of Transportation. 2019. SCAN Web 6.0. Retrieved from http:\/\/rwis.mdt.mt.gov.  Montana Department of Transportation. 2019. SCAN Web 6.0. Retrieved from http:\/\/rwis.mdt.mt.gov."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"New Brunswick Department of Transportation. 2019. New Brunswick Highway Cameras. Retrieved from https:\/\/www2.gnb.ca\/content\/gnb\/en\/departments\/dti\/highways_roads\/content\/highway_cameras.html.  New Brunswick Department of Transportation. 2019. New Brunswick Highway Cameras. Retrieved from https:\/\/www2.gnb.ca\/content\/gnb\/en\/departments\/dti\/highways_roads\/content\/highway_cameras.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"Oregon Department of Transportation. 2019. Road & Weather Conditions Map | TripCheck\u2014Oregon Traveler Information. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.tripcheck.com\/.  Oregon Department of Transportation. 2019. Road & Weather Conditions Map | TripCheck\u2014Oregon Traveler Information. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.tripcheck.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"Seattle Department of Transportation. 2019. SDOT Travelers Home Page. Retrieved from https:\/\/web6.seattle.gov\/travelers\/.  Seattle Department of Transportation. 2019. SDOT Travelers Home Page. Retrieved from https:\/\/web6.seattle.gov\/travelers\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"511\n    Pennsylvania. 2019. Traffic Cameras. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.511pa.com\/CameraListing.aspx.  511 Pennsylvania. 2019. Traffic Cameras. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.511pa.com\/CameraListing.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"Landesbetrieb Mobilit\u00e4t Rheinland-Pfalz. 2019. Kameras in RLP. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.verkehr.rlp.de\/?lang=10&menu1=50&menu2=&menu3=.  Landesbetrieb Mobilit\u00e4t Rheinland-Pfalz. 2019. Kameras in RLP. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.verkehr.rlp.de\/?lang=10&menu1=50&menu2=&menu3=."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","unstructured":"Scrapinghub. 2019. Scrapy | A Fast and Powerful Scraping and Web Crawling Framework. Retrieved from https:\/\/scrapy.org\/.  Scrapinghub. 2019. Scrapy | A Fast and Powerful Scraping and Web Crawling Framework. Retrieved from https:\/\/scrapy.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"ScrapingHub. 2019. Splash. Retrieved from https:\/\/scrapinghub.com\/splash.  ScrapingHub. 2019. Splash. Retrieved from https:\/\/scrapinghub.com\/splash."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"USC Web Services. 2019. Tommy Cam | About USC. Retrieved from https:\/\/about.usc.edu\/tommy-cam\/.  USC Web Services. 2019. Tommy Cam | About USC. Retrieved from https:\/\/about.usc.edu\/tommy-cam\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","unstructured":"New York State. 2019. Traffic Cameras\u2014New York State Thruway. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.thruway.ny.gov\/travelers\/map\/text\/twytextcameras.cgi.  New York State. 2019. Traffic Cameras\u2014New York State Thruway. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.thruway.ny.gov\/travelers\/map\/text\/twytextcameras.cgi."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","unstructured":"U.S. Geological Survey. 2019. HVO Webcams. Retrieved from https:\/\/hvo.wr.usgs.gov\/cams\/.  U.S. Geological Survey. 2019. HVO Webcams. Retrieved from https:\/\/hvo.wr.usgs.gov\/cams\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","unstructured":"SwissWebcams. 2019. Swiss Webcams\u2014English. Retrieved from https:\/\/en.swisswebcams.ch\/.  SwissWebcams. 2019. Swiss Webcams\u2014English. Retrieved from https:\/\/en.swisswebcams.ch\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"UDOT TRAFFIC. 2019. UDOT TRAFFIC. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.utahcommuterlink.com\/.  UDOT TRAFFIC. 2019. UDOT TRAFFIC. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.utahcommuterlink.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","unstructured":"Houston TranStar. 2019. Houston TranStar Cameras. Retrieved from https:\/\/traffic.houstontranstar.org\/cctv\/transtar\/.  Houston TranStar. 2019. Houston TranStar Cameras. Retrieved from https:\/\/traffic.houstontranstar.org\/cctv\/transtar\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","unstructured":"Travel-cam.net. 2019. Webcams\u2014Travel-cam.net. Retrieved from http:\/\/travel-cam.net\/en\/web-cameras.  Travel-cam.net. 2019. Webcams\u2014Travel-cam.net. Retrieved from http:\/\/travel-cam.net\/en\/web-cameras."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","unstructured":"Boston University. 2019. Web Cams | Alumni Association. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/alumni\/benefits-resources\/web-cams\/.  Boston University. 2019. Web Cams | Alumni Association. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/alumni\/benefits-resources\/web-cams\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"Syracuse University. 2019. Maxwell School of Syracuse University. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.maxwell.syr.edu\/deans.aspx?id=36507225279.  Syracuse University. 2019. Maxwell School of Syracuse University. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.maxwell.syr.edu\/deans.aspx?id=36507225279."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","unstructured":"Google Street View. 2019. Discover Street View and contribute your own imagery to Google Maps.Retrieved from https:\/\/www.google.com\/streetview\/.  Google Street View. 2019. Discover Street View and contribute your own imagery to Google Maps.Retrieved from https:\/\/www.google.com\/streetview\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1577222.1577227"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","unstructured":"Webcamsmania. 2019. Free Webcams\u2014Live Online Cams from the World\u2014WebcamsMania. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.webcamsmania.com\/.  Webcamsmania. 2019. Free Webcams\u2014Live Online Cams from the World\u2014WebcamsMania. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.webcamsmania.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2008.928764"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","unstructured":"WSDOT. 2019. WSDOT\u2014Statewide Route Description and Camera List. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.wsdot.com\/Traffic\/routelist.aspx#SR4.  WSDOT. 2019. WSDOT\u2014Statewide Route Description and Camera List. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.wsdot.com\/Traffic\/routelist.aspx#SR4."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDMW.2008.114"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Internet Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3450629","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3450629","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:28:41Z","timestamp":1750195721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3450629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3450629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3450629","relation":{},"ISSN":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1533-5399"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-6051"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-01-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}