{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:59:43Z","timestamp":1787162383018,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["OAC-1917117 (CICI), CNS-1936370 (SaTC CORE), CNS-1850362 (CRII SaTC), and DGE-2038483 (SaTC-EDU)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OAC-1917117 (CICI), CNS-1936370 (SaTC CORE), CNS-1850362 (CRII SaTC), and DGE-2038483 (SaTC-EDU)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digital Threats"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To increase situational awareness, major cybersecurity platforms offer Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) about emerging cyber threats, key threat actors, and their modus operandi. However, this intelligence is often reactive, as it analyzes event log files after attacks have already occurred, lacking more active scrutiny of potential threats brewing in cyberspace before an attack has occurred. One intelligence source receiving significant attention is the Dark Web, where significant quantities of malicious hacking tools and other cyber assets are hosted. We present the AZSecure Hacker Assets Portal (HAP). The Dark Web-based HAP collects, analyzes, and reports on the major Dark Web data sources to offer unique perspective of hackers, their cybercriminal assets, and their intentions and motivations, ultimately contributing CTI insights to improve situational awareness. HAP currently supports 200+ users internationally from academic institutions such as UT San Antonio and National Taiwan University, law enforcement entities such as Calgary and Ontario Provincial Police, and industry organizations including General Electric and PayPal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3450972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]],"date-time":"2021-10-16T21:40:14Z","timestamp":1634420414000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Informing Cyber Threat Intelligence through Dark Web Situational Awareness: The AZSecure Hacker Assets Portal"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Sagar","family":"Samtani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operations and Decision Technologies, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weifeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Information Systems, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsinchun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Information Systems, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the eCrime Researchers Summit","author":"Afroz Sadia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sadia Afroz, Vaibhav Garg, Damon McCoy, and Rachel Greenstadt. 2013. Honor among thieves: A common's analysis of cybercrime economies. In Proceedings of the eCrime Researchers Summit. 1\u201311."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1109\/CYCONUS.2017.8167501","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Cyber Conflict","author":"Almukaynizi Mohammed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mohammed Almukaynizi, Eric Nunes, Krishna Dharaiya, Manoj Senguttuvan, Jana Shakarian, and Paulo Shakarian. 2017. Proactive identification of exploits in the wild through vulnerability mentions online. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon U.S.\u201917), 82\u201388."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2019\/13808"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","unstructured":"Matt Bromiley. 2016. Threat Intelligence: What it is and how to use it effectively. Retrieved June 5 2017 from https:\/\/www.sans.org\/reading-room\/whitepapers\/analyst\/threat-intelligence-is-effectively-37282."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Discrediting vendors in online criminal markets","author":"D\u00e9cary-H\u00e9tu David","year":"2015","unstructured":"David D\u00e9cary-H\u00e9tu and Dominique Laferri\u00e8re. 2015. Discrediting vendors in online criminal markets. In Disrupting Criminal Networks: Network Analysis in Crime Prevention. 1\u201327.","journal-title":"Disrupting Criminal Networks: Network Analysis in Crime Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"Ernst & Young Global Limited. 2014. Cyber threat intelligence\u2013How to get ahead of cybercrime. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ey.com\/Publication\/vwLUAssets\/EY-cyber-threat-intelligence-how-to-get-ahead-of-cybercrime\/$FILE\/EY-cyber-threat-intelligence-how-to-get-ahead-of-cybercrime.pdf."},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"132","article-title":"Cyberwarfare. Commun","volume":"54","author":"Goel Sanjay","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sanjay Goel. 2011. Cyberwarfare. Commun. ACM 54, 8 (Aug. 2011), 132.","journal-title":"ACM"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","unstructured":"Luke Graham. 2017. Cybercrime costs the global economy $450 billion: CEO. Retrieved June 5 2017 from https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2017\/02\/07\/cybercrime-costs-the-global-economy-450-billion-ceo.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","unstructured":"Tracy Kitten. 2014. Target Malware: Exploring the Origins. Retrieved June 5 2017 from http:\/\/www.bankinfosecurity.com\/interviews\/intelcrawler-i-2161."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3376926","article-title":"ARIMA supplemented security metrics for quality assurance and situational awareness","volume":"1","author":"Kohlrausch Jan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jan Kohlrausch and Eugene A. Brin. 2020. ARIMA supplemented security metrics for quality assurance and situational awareness. Digit. Threats: Res. Pract. 1, 1, Article 6 (Mar. 2020), 1\u201321. DOI:https:\/\/doi-org.proxy-remote.galib.uga.edu\/10.1145\/3376926","journal-title":"Digit. Threats: Res. 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