{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T23:43:25Z","timestamp":1774309405488,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGIR Forum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            No Web technology has undergone such an impressive evolution as Web search engines did and still do. Starting with the promise of \"Bringing order to the Web\"\n            <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n            by compiling information sources matching a query, retrieval technology has been evolving to a kind of \"oracle machinery\", being able to recommend a single source, and even to provide direct answers extracted from that source. Notwithstanding the remarkable progress made and the apparent user preferences for direct answers, this paradigm shift comes at a price which is higher than one might expect at first sight, affecting both users and search engine developers in their own way. We call this tradeoff \"the dilemma of the direct answer\"; it deserves an analysis which has to go beyond system-oriented aspects but scrutinize the way our society deals with both their information needs and means to information access. The paper in hand contributes to this analysis by putting the evolution of retrieval technology and the expectations at it in the context of information retrieval history. Moreover, we discuss the trade offs in information behavior and information system design that users and developers may face in the future.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3451964.3451978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T01:42:58Z","timestamp":1613871778000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The dilemma of the direct answer"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Potthast","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leipzig University"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Martin-Luther-Universit\u00e4t Halle-Wittenberg"}]},{"given":"Benno","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bauhaus-Universit\u00e4t Weimar"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Stanford InfoLab","author":"Page Lawrence","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lawrence Page , Sergey Brin , Rajeev Motwani , and Terry Winograd . The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web. Technical report , Stanford InfoLab , 1999 . Lawrence Page, Sergey Brin, Rajeev Motwani, and Terry Winograd. The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web. Technical report, Stanford InfoLab, 1999."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/648264.753539"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2012.2189916"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000065"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.5090030404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Design. Technical report","author":"Cleverdon Cyril W","year":"1966","unstructured":"Cyril W Cleverdon , Jack Mills , and E Michael Keen . Factors determining the performance of indexing systems , volume 1 : Design. Technical report , Cranfield : College of Aeronautics , 1966 . Cyril W Cleverdon, Jack Mills, and E Michael Keen. Factors determining the performance of indexing systems, volume 1: Design. Technical report, Cranfield: College of Aeronautics, 1966."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Test results. Technical report","author":"Cleverdon Cyril W","year":"1966","unstructured":"Cyril W Cleverdon and Michael Keen . Factors determining the performance of indexing systems , volume 2 : Test results. Technical report , Cranfield : College of Aeronautics , 1966 . Cyril W Cleverdon and Michael Keen. Factors determining the performance of indexing systems, volume 2: Test results. Technical report, Cranfield: College of Aeronautics, 1966."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.5090110403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/290941.290947"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/35.3.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/775047.775067"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1571941.1571951"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"April","author":"Anand Avishek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Avishek Anand , Lawrence Cavedon , Hideo Joho , Mark Sanderson , and Benno Stein . Conversational Search (Dagstuhl Seminar 19461). Dagstuhl Reports, 9(12):18--46 , April 2020 . ISSN 34-83. URL https:\/\/drops.dagstuhl.de\/opus\/volltexte\/2020\/11983\/. Avishek Anand, Lawrence Cavedon, Hideo Joho, Mark Sanderson, and Benno Stein. Conversational Search (Dagstuhl Seminar 19461). Dagstuhl Reports, 9(12):18--46, April 2020. ISSN 34-83. URL https:\/\/drops.dagstuhl.de\/opus\/volltexte\/2020\/11983\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00150"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.106.4.643"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9236(03)00032-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3269206.3271800"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1458082.1458157"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGIR Forum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3451964.3451978","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3451964.3451978","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T22:03:00Z","timestamp":1750197780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3451964.3451978"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3451964.3451978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3451964.3451978","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-5840"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-5840","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}