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In traditional databases, the\n            <jats:bold>Entity Relationship (ER)<\/jats:bold>\n            and\n            <jats:bold>Unified Modeling Language (UML)<\/jats:bold>\n            models are widely used. But how are NoSQL databases being modeled? We performed a systematic mapping review to answer three research questions to identify and analyze the levels of representation, models used, and contexts where the modeling process occurred in the main categories of NoSQL databases. We found 54 primary studies where we identified that conceptual and logical levels received more attention than the physical level of representation. The UML, ER, and new notation based on ER and UML were adapted to model NoSQL databases, in the same way, formats such as JSON, XML, and XMI were used to generate schemas through the three levels of representation. New contexts such as benchmark, evaluations, migration, and schema generation were identified, as well as new features to be considered for modeling NoSQL databases, such as the number of records by entities, CRUD operations, and system requirements (availability, consistency, or scalability). Additionally, a coupling and co-citation analysis was carried out to identify relevant works and researchers.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3457608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T16:48:08Z","timestamp":1626194888000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Data Modeling and NoSQL Databases - A Systematic Mapping Review"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Harley","family":"Vera-Olivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department ofComputer Science, University of Bras\u00edlia, Brasil"}]},{"given":"Ruizhe","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department ofComputer Science, University of Bras\u00edlia, Brasil"}]},{"given":"Ruben Cruz","family":"Huacarpuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Software AG, Brasil"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Bernardi","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Master in Governance, Technologies and Innovation, Catholic University of Bras\u00edlia, Brasil"}]},{"given":"Ari Melo","family":"Mariano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Engineering, University of Bras\u00edlia, Brasil"}]},{"given":"Maristela","family":"Holanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department ofComputer Science, University of Bras\u00edlia, Brasil"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. 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Proceedings of IEEE\/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, AICCSA 2017-October (2018), 272\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/AICCSA.2017.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Data model for cloud computing environment. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering","volume":"275","author":"Akintoye S. B.","year":"2019","unstructured":"S. B. Akintoye , A. B. Bagula , O. E. Isafiade , Y. Djemaiel , and N. Boudriga . 2019 . Data model for cloud computing environment. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering , LNICST 275 (2019), 199 \u2013 215 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-16042-5_19 S. B. Akintoye, A. B. Bagula, O. E. Isafiade, Y. Djemaiel, and N. Boudriga. 2019. Data model for cloud computing environment. 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