{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T02:41:42Z","timestamp":1781145702867,"version":"3.54.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":23,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang","award":["2018R01005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R01005"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["K20210226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K20210226"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3457977.3460301","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T13:04:09Z","timestamp":1621947849000},"page":"23-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Towards A First Step to Understand Flash Loan and Its Applications in DeFi Ecosystem"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Dabao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University &amp; Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Cyberspace Governance of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziling","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingliang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kui","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","unstructured":"2015. ERC20 Token Standard. https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/EIPs\/blob\/master\/EIPS\/eip-20.md.  2015. ERC20 Token Standard. https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/EIPs\/blob\/master\/EIPS\/eip-20.md."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"Last Accessed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aave. Last Accessed : Sep. 2020 . Aave . aave.com. Aave. Last Accessed: Sep. 2020. Aave. aave.com."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","volume-title":"Last Accessed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Balancer. Last Accessed : Oct. 2020 . Balancer Exchange . balancer.exchange. Balancer. Last Accessed: Oct. 2020. Balancer Exchange. balancer.exchange."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","volume-title":"Last Accessed","year":"2020","unstructured":"bZx. Last Accessed : Sep. 2020 . bZx. bzx.network. bZx. Last Accessed: Sep. 2020. bZx. bzx.network."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"Last Accessed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Compound. Last Accessed : Oct. 2020 . Compound . https:\/\/compound.finance\/. Compound. Last Accessed: Oct. 2020. Compound. https:\/\/compound.finance\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","volume-title":"Flash boys 2.0: Frontrunning, transaction reordering, and consensus instability in decentralized exchanges. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.05234","author":"Daian Philip","year":"2019","unstructured":"Philip Daian , Steven Goldfeder , Tyler Kell , Yunqi Li , Xueyuan Zhao , Iddo Bentov , Lorenz Breidenbach , and Ari Juels . 2019. Flash boys 2.0: Frontrunning, transaction reordering, and consensus instability in decentralized exchanges. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.05234 ( 2019 ). Philip Daian, Steven Goldfeder, Tyler Kell, Yunqi Li, Xueyuan Zhao, Iddo Bentov, Lorenz Breidenbach, and Ari Juels. 2019. Flash boys 2.0: Frontrunning, transaction reordering, and consensus instability in decentralized exchanges. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.05234 (2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","volume-title":"Last Accessed","year":"2020","unstructured":"defipulse. Last Accessed : Sep. 2020 . DEFI PULSE. https:\/\/www.defipulse.com\/. defipulse. Last Accessed: Sep. 2020. DEFI PULSE. https:\/\/www.defipulse.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"Sep","author":"Accessed X. Last","year":"2020","unstructured":"dYd X. Last Accessed : Sep . 2020 . dYdX. dydx.exchange. dYdX. Last Accessed: Sep. 2020. dYdX. dydx.exchange."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security. Springer, 170--189","author":"Eskandari Shayan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shayan Eskandari , Seyedehmahsa Moosavi , and Jeremy Clark . 2019 . Sok: Transparent dishonesty: front-running attacks on blockchain . In International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security. Springer, 170--189 . Shayan Eskandari, Seyedehmahsa Moosavi, and Jeremy Clark. 2019. Sok: Transparent dishonesty: front-running attacks on blockchain. In International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security. Springer, 170--189."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","volume-title":"The Decentralized Financial Crisis: Attacking DeFi. arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.08099","author":"Gudgeon Lewis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lewis Gudgeon , Daniel Perez , Dominik Harz , Arthur Gervais , and Benjamin Livshits . 2020. The Decentralized Financial Crisis: Attacking DeFi. arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.08099 ( 2020 ). Lewis Gudgeon, Daniel Perez, Dominik Harz, Arthur Gervais, and Benjamin Livshits. 2020. The Decentralized Financial Crisis: Attacking DeFi. arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.08099 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40163-018-0093-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"A First Look into DeFi Oracles. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.04377","author":"Liu Bowen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bowen Liu and Pawel Szalachowski . 2020. A First Look into DeFi Oracles. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.04377 ( 2020 ). Bowen Liu and Pawel Szalachowski. 2020. A First Look into DeFi Oracles. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.04377 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","volume-title":"Last Accessed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maker. Last Accessed : Sep. 2020 . DAI Token . etherscan.io\/token\/0x6b175474e89094c44da98b954eedeac495271d0f. Maker. Last Accessed: Sep. 2020. DAI Token. etherscan.io\/token\/0x6b175474e89094c44da98b954eedeac495271d0f."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"Last Accessed","author":"DAO.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maker DAO. Last Accessed : Oct. 2020 . MakerDAO. makerdao.com. MakerDAO. Last Accessed: Oct. 2020. MakerDAO. makerdao.com."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","volume-title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system.","author":"Satoshi Nakamoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Satoshi Nakamoto et al. 2008 . Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. (2008). Satoshi Nakamoto et al. 2008. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. (2008)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","volume-title":"Attacking the DeFi Ecosystem with Flash Loans for Fun and Profit. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.03810","author":"Qin Kaihua","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaihua Qin , Liyi Zhou , Benjamin Livshits , and Arthur Gervais . 2020. Attacking the DeFi Ecosystem with Flash Loans for Fun and Profit. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.03810 ( 2020 ). Kaihua Qin, Liyi Zhou, Benjamin Livshits, and Arthur Gervais. 2020. Attacking the DeFi Ecosystem with Flash Loans for Fun and Profit. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.03810 (2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","volume-title":"Last Accessed","author":"Saver DeFi","year":"2020","unstructured":"DeFi Saver . Last Accessed : Oct. 2020 . DeFi Saver . defisaver.com. DeFi Saver. Last Accessed: Oct. 2020. DeFi Saver. defisaver.com."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"Last Accessed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tether. Last Accessed : Jan. 2021 . Tether : Fiat currencies on the Bitcoin blockchain. https:\/\/tether.to\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/TetherWhitePaper.pdf. Tether. Last Accessed: Jan. 2021. Tether: Fiat currencies on the Bitcoin blockchain. https:\/\/tether.to\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/TetherWhitePaper.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Last Accessed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uniswap. Last Accessed : Sep. 2020 . Uniswap . uniswap.org. Uniswap. Last Accessed: Sep. 2020. Uniswap. uniswap.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum project yellow paper","author":"Wood Gavin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gavin Wood . 2014 . Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum project yellow paper , Vol. 151 (2014), 1--32. Gavin Wood. 2014. Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum project yellow paper, Vol. 151 (2014), 1--32."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3361338.3361450"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"Last Accessed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yearn.finance (YFI). Last Accessed : Sep. 2020 . EMN Token . etherscan.io\/token\/0x8b31d4A56dD29d18C817ef0fA3990d30ECC5D89b. Yearn.finance (YFI). Last Accessed: Sep. 2020. EMN Token. etherscan.io\/token\/0x8b31d4A56dD29d18C817ef0fA3990d30ECC5D89b."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","unstructured":"Micah Zoltu. 2020. How to turn $20M into $340M in 15 seconds. https:\/\/medium.com\/coinmonks\/how-to-turn-20m-into-340m-in-15-seconds-48d161a42311.  Micah Zoltu. 2020. How to turn $20M into $340M in 15 seconds. https:\/\/medium.com\/coinmonks\/how-to-turn-20m-into-340m-in-15-seconds-48d161a42311."}],"event":{"name":"ASIA CCS '21: ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","location":"Virtual Event Hong Kong","acronym":"ASIA CCS '21","sponsor":["SIGSAC ACM Special Interest Group on Security, Audit, and Control"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Security in Blockchain and Cloud Computing"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3457977.3460301","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3457977.3460301","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:24:38Z","timestamp":1750195478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3457977.3460301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3457977.3460301","10.1145\/3457977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3457977.3460301","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}