{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:21:59Z","timestamp":1750220519474,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangdong Education Science Planning Project: A Study on Construction and Application of English Education & Teaching Corpus in the Era of Big Data","award":["2018GXJK007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018GXJK007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Asian Low-Resour. Lang. Inf. Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This research adopts the methodology of corpus-based analysis and contrastive interlanguage analysis (CIA), using three corpora as the data source to analyze the adverbial connectors used by Chinese EFL (English as a foreign language) learners (i.e., university students in Guangzhou, China) in their written English. Major findings show that Chinese EFL learners have displayed a general tendency to overuse English adverbial connectors in terms of total tokens when compared with native speakers of English, and Chinese EFL learners deviate notably from the native speakers of English in the use of some individual English adverbial connectors. The research explores that Chinese EFL learners\u2019 use of English adverbial connectors might be influenced by L1 transfer, writing handbooks\u2019 and teachers\u2019 instruction, learners\u2019 lack of audience awareness, and lack of stylistic awareness. The research has some implications for language learning: a large collection of learner corpora, a target language's native speakers corpus, a learner's mother language corpus, and corpus software AntConc can complement textbooks in language learners\u2019 deep learning process, constituting a language-based learning environment for human languages with reduced perplexity and increased accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3457987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T20:06:29Z","timestamp":1625083589000},"page":"1-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Computer Corpus-Based Study of Chinese EFL Learners\u2019 Use of Adverbial Connectors and Its Implications for Building a Language-Based Learning Environment"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Foreign Studies, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China"}]},{"given":"Timothy V.","family":"Rasinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Teaching, Learning and Curriculum Studies, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"B. Altenberg and M. Tapper. 1998. The use of adverbial connectors in advanced Swedish learners\u2019 written English. In S. Granger (ed.). Learner English on Computer. London and New York: Longman 132\u2013134.  B. Altenberg and M. Tapper. 1998. The use of adverbial connectors in advanced Swedish learners\u2019 written English. In S. Granger (ed.). Learner English on Computer. London and New York: Longman 132\u2013134."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2018.08.008"},{"volume-title":"Dictionary of Link Words in English Discourse","author":"Ball W. J.","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"W. J. Ball . 1986. Dictionary of Link Words in English Discourse . London : Macmillan . W. J. Ball. 1986. Dictionary of Link Words in English Discourse. London: Macmillan."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01638538809544689"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Language Structure and Use.","author":"Biber D.","year":"2000","unstructured":"D. Biber , S. Conrad , and R. Rappen . 2000 . Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Language Structure and Use. Beijing : Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press , 4. D. Biber, S. Conrad, and R. Rappen. 2000. Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Language Structure and Use. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 4."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/ijcl.7.2.02bol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3586466"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Collins Cobuild: Linking Words.","author":"Chalker S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"S. Chalker . 2001 . Collins Cobuild: Linking Words. Beijing : Foreign Language Press , Hongkong : Commercial Press . S. Chalker. 2001. Collins Cobuild: Linking Words. Beijing: Foreign Language Press, Hongkong: Commercial Press."},{"volume-title":"Exploring Corpus Linguistics","author":"Cheng W.","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"W. Cheng . 2012. Exploring Corpus Linguistics . London : Routledge . W. Cheng. 2012. Exploring Corpus Linguistics. London: Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"P. Corder. 1973. Introducing Applied Linguistics. Harmondsworth: Penguin.  P. Corder. 1973. Introducing Applied Linguistics. Harmondsworth: Penguin."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0741088393010001002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.","author":"Dai W.","year":"2000","unstructured":"W. Dai , L. Gong , and D. Shu . 2000 . A Dictionary of English Link Words . Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. W. Dai, L. Gong, and D. Shu. 2000. A Dictionary of English Link Words. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"The effect of the use of adverbial connectors on Chinese EFL learners' English writing quality","volume":"1","author":"Deng F.","year":"2006","unstructured":"F. Deng . 2006 . The effect of the use of adverbial connectors on Chinese EFL learners' English writing quality . Teaching English in China 1 (2006), 105 \u2013 111 . F. Deng. 2006. The effect of the use of adverbial connectors on Chinese EFL learners' English writing quality. Teaching English in China 1 (2006), 105\u2013111.","journal-title":"Teaching English in China"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12973\/ejmste\/78278"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeap.2016.08.002"},{"volume-title":"Book 1).","author":"Gong L.","key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"L. Gong . 2011. New Era Interactive English (Reading and Writing , Book 1). Beijing : Qinghua University Press . L. Gong. 2011. New Era Interactive English (Reading and Writing, Book 1). Beijing: Qinghua University Press."},{"volume-title":"Book 2).","author":"Gong L.","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"L. Gong . 2011. New Era Interactive English (Reading and Writing , Book 2). Beijing : Qinghua University Press . L. Gong. 2011. New Era Interactive English (Reading and Writing, Book 2). Beijing: Qinghua University Press."},{"volume-title":"Book 3).","author":"Gong L.","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"L. Gong . 2011. New Era Interactive English (Reading and Writing , Book 3). Beijing : Qinghua University Press . L. Gong. 2011. New Era Interactive English (Reading and Writing, Book 3). Beijing: Qinghua University Press."},{"volume-title":"Book 4).","author":"Gong L.","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"L. Gong . 2011. New Era Interactive English (Reading and Writing , Book 4). Beijing : Qinghua University Press . L. Gong. 2011. New Era Interactive English (Reading and Writing, Book 4). Beijing: Qinghua University Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Connector usage in the English essay writing of native and non-native EFL speakers of English","volume":"15","author":"Granger S.","year":"1996","unstructured":"S. Granger and S. Tyson . 1996 . Connector usage in the English essay writing of native and non-native EFL speakers of English . World Englishers 15 , 1 (1996), 7 \u2013 27 . S. Granger and S. Tyson. 1996. Connector usage in the English essay writing of native and non-native EFL speakers of English. World Englishers 15, 1 (1996), 7\u201327.","journal-title":"World Englishers"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/ijlcr.1.1.01gra"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Education Press.","author":"Gui S. C.","year":"2003","unstructured":"S. C. Gui and H. Z. Yang . 2003 . Chinese Learner English Corpus . Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Education Press. S. C. Gui and H. Z. Yang. 2003. Chinese Learner English Corpus. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Education Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"London: Longman.","author":"Halliday M. A. K.","year":"1976","unstructured":"M. A. K. Halliday and R. Hasan . 1976 . Cohesion in English . London: Longman. M. A. K. Halliday and R. Hasan. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman."},{"volume-title":"Contrastive Studies of English And Chinese Languages","author":"He S.","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"S. He . 2002. Contrastive Studies of English And Chinese Languages . Shanghai : Shanghai Foreign Education Press . S. He. 2002. Contrastive Studies of English And Chinese Languages. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Education Press."},{"volume-title":"The TESOL Encyclopaedia of English Language Teaching","author":"Hyland K.","key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"K. Hyland . 2018. Genre and second language writing . In: The TESOL Encyclopaedia of English Language Teaching , J. Liontas (ed.) Oxford : Willey . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0261444808005235 10.1017\/S0261444808005235 K. Hyland. 2018. Genre and second language writing. In: The TESOL Encyclopaedia of English Language Teaching, J. Liontas (ed.) Oxford: Willey. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0261444808005235"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17154\/kjal.2019.6.35.2.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeap.2019.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"328","article-title":"The role of frequency in ELT. New corpus evidence brings a re-appraisal","volume":"33","author":"Leech G.","year":"2001","unstructured":"G. Leech . 2001 . The role of frequency in ELT. New corpus evidence brings a re-appraisal . Foreign Language Teaching and Research 33 , 5 (2001), 328 \u2013 339 . G. Leech. 2001. The role of frequency in ELT. New corpus evidence brings a re-appraisal. Foreign Language Teaching and Research 33, 5 (2001), 328\u2013339.","journal-title":"Foreign Language Teaching and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jslw.2013.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeap.2012.05.003"},{"volume-title":"A Comprehensive Comparison between English and Chinese Texts","author":"Peng X.","key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"X. Peng . 2000. A Comprehensive Comparison between English and Chinese Texts . Shanghai : Shanghai Foreign Education Press . X. Peng. 2000. A Comprehensive Comparison between English and Chinese Texts. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Education Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"London: Longman.","author":"Quirk R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"R. Quirk , S. Greenbaum , G. Leech , and J. Svartvik . 1985 . A Comprehensive Grammar of English . London: Longman. R. Quirk, S. Greenbaum, G. Leech, and J. Svartvik. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of English. London: Longman."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Connector usage in spoken English of Chinese learners based on the use ofthough","volume":"23","author":"Shi J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"J. Shi and B. Shao . 2016 . Connector usage in spoken English of Chinese learners based on the use ofthough . Journal of Tianjin Foreign Studies University 23 (2016), 40 \u2013 46 . J. Shi and B. Shao. 2016. Connector usage in spoken English of Chinese learners based on the use ofthough. Journal of Tianjin Foreign Studies University 23 (2016), 40\u201346.","journal-title":"Journal of Tianjin Foreign Studies University"},{"volume-title":"Contrastive Discourse in Chinese and English","author":"Scollon R.","key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"R. Scollon . 2000. Contrastive Discourse in Chinese and English . Beijing : Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press . R. Scollon. 2000. Contrastive Discourse in Chinese and English. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/applin\/19.2.225"},{"volume-title":"Chinese Contemporary Grammar","author":"Wang L.","key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"L. Wang . 2000. Chinese Contemporary Grammar . Beijing : Commercial Press . L. Wang. 2000. Chinese Contemporary Grammar. Beijing: Commercial Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1360674312000305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Some explanatory discourse on meta-discourse","volume":"36","author":"Vande Kopple W. J.","year":"1985","unstructured":"W. J. Vande Kopple . 1985 . Some explanatory discourse on meta-discourse . College Composition and Communication , 36 (1985), 81 \u2013 93 . W. J. Vande Kopple. 1985. Some explanatory discourse on meta-discourse. College Composition and Communication, 36 (1985), 81\u201393.","journal-title":"College Composition and Communication"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Education Press.","author":"Zheng L.","year":"2001","unstructured":"L. Zheng , Y. Zhu , and X. Miao . 2001 . Contrastive Study of Cohesion in English and Chinese . Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Education Press. L. Zheng, Y. Zhu, and X. Miao. 2001. Contrastive Study of Cohesion in English and Chinese. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Education Press."},{"volume-title":"Book 1).","author":"Zheng S. T.","key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"S. T. Zheng . 2015. New Horizon College English (Reading and Writing , Book 1). Beijing : Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press . S. T. Zheng. 2015. New Horizon College English (Reading and Writing, Book 1). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press."},{"volume-title":"Book 2).","author":"Zheng S. T.","key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"S. T. Zheng . 2015. New Horizon College English (Reading and Writing , Book 2). Beijing : Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press . S. T. Zheng. 2015. New Horizon College English (Reading and Writing, Book 2). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press."},{"volume-title":"Book 3).","author":"Zheng S. T.","key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"S. T. Zheng . 2015. New Horizon College English (Reading and Writing , Book 3). Beijing : Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press . S. T. Zheng. 2015. New Horizon College English (Reading and Writing, Book 3). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press."},{"volume-title":"Book 4).","author":"Zheng S. T.","key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"S. T. Zheng . 2015. New Horizon College English (Reading and Writing , Book 4). Beijing : Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press . S. T. Zheng. 2015. New Horizon College English (Reading and Writing, Book 4). Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3457987","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3457987","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:24:38Z","timestamp":1750195478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3457987"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3457987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3457987","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-4699","2375-4702"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2375-4699"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2375-4702"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}