{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:22:52Z","timestamp":1750220572030,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":36,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3459990.3465194","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T01:24:58Z","timestamp":1624584298000},"page":"604-609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Scaffolding Design to Bridge the Gaps between Machine Learning and Scientific Discovery for K-12 STEM Education"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science University of Rochester, United States"}]},{"given":"Kaixin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Media Studies, Brain & Cognitive Sciences University of Rochester, United States"}]},{"given":"Abdul Moid","family":"Munawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science University of Rochester, United States"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science University of Rochester, United States"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Glyph-based Visualization: Foundations, Design Guidelines, Techniques and Applications.. In Eurographics (STARs). 39\u201363.","author":"Borgo Rita","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rita Borgo , Johannes Kehrer , David\u00a0 HS Chung , Eamonn Maguire , Robert\u00a0 S Laramee , Helwig Hauser , Matthew Ward , and Min Chen . 2013 . Glyph-based Visualization: Foundations, Design Guidelines, Techniques and Applications.. In Eurographics (STARs). 39\u201363. Rita Borgo, Johannes Kehrer, David\u00a0HS Chung, Eamonn Maguire, Robert\u00a0S Laramee, Helwig Hauser, Matthew Ward, and Min Chen. 2013. Glyph-based Visualization: Foundations, Design Guidelines, Techniques and Applications.. In Eurographics (STARs). 39\u201363."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1973.10482434"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Vol.\u00a01990","author":"Csikszentmihalyi Mihaly","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Mihaly Csikzentmihaly . 1990 . Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Vol.\u00a01990 . Harper & Row New York . Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Mihaly Csikzentmihaly. 1990. Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Vol.\u00a01990. Harper & Row New York."},{"volume-title":"Computer Graphics Forum, Vol.\u00a036","author":"Endert Alex","key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Alex Endert , William Ribarsky , Cagatay Turkay , B L\u00a0William Wong , Ian Nabney , I\u00a0D\u00edaz Blanco , and Fabrice Rossi . 2017. The state of the art in integrating machine learning into visual analytics . In Computer Graphics Forum, Vol.\u00a036 . Wiley Online Library , 458\u2013486. Alex Endert, William Ribarsky, Cagatay Turkay, BL\u00a0William Wong, Ian Nabney, I\u00a0D\u00edaz Blanco, and Fabrice Rossi. 2017. The state of the art in integrating machine learning into visual analytics. In Computer Graphics Forum, Vol.\u00a036. Wiley Online Library, 458\u2013486."},{"volume-title":"o. C. S. S. O. Common Core Science Standards","author":"National Governors Association\u00a0Center for Best\u00a0Practices. 2010. C.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"National Governors Association\u00a0Center for Best\u00a0Practices. 2010. C. o. C. S. S. O. Common Core Science Standards . National Governors Association Center for Best Practices , Council of Chief State School. National Governors Association\u00a0Center for Best\u00a0Practices. 2010. C. o. C. S. S. O. Common Core Science Standards. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices, Council of Chief State School."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10508406.2013.837391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/sce.20368","article-title":"Reasoning up and down a food chain: Using an assessment framework to investigate students\u2019 middle knowledge","volume":"94","author":"Gotwals Amelia\u00a0Wenk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Amelia\u00a0Wenk Gotwals and Nancy\u00a0Butler Songer . 2010 . Reasoning up and down a food chain: Using an assessment framework to investigate students\u2019 middle knowledge . Science Education 94 , 2 (2010), 259 \u2013 281 . Amelia\u00a0Wenk Gotwals and Nancy\u00a0Butler Songer. 2010. Reasoning up and down a food chain: Using an assessment framework to investigate students\u2019 middle knowledge. Science Education 94, 2 (2010), 259\u2013281.","journal-title":"Science Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1054972.1055031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66610-5_64"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40593-020-00199-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Dual space search during scientific reasoning. Cognitive science 12, 1","author":"Klahr David","year":"1988","unstructured":"David Klahr and Kevin Dunbar . 1988. Dual space search during scientific reasoning. Cognitive science 12, 1 ( 1988 ), 1\u201348. David Klahr and Kevin Dunbar. 1988. Dual space search during scientific reasoning. Cognitive science 12, 1 (1988), 1\u201348."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Making sense of sensemaking 2: A macrocognitive model","author":"Klein Gary","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gary Klein , Brian Moon , and Robert\u00a0 R Hoffman . 2006. Making sense of sensemaking 2: A macrocognitive model . IEEE Intelligent systems 21, 5 ( 2006 ), 88\u201392. Gary Klein, Brian Moon, and Robert\u00a0R Hoffman. 2006. Making sense of sensemaking 2: A macrocognitive model. IEEE Intelligent systems 21, 5 (2006), 88\u201392."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Deanna Kuhn and Daniel Lerman. 2021. Yes but: developing a critical stance toward evidence. International Journal of Science Education(2021) 1\u201318. Deanna Kuhn and Daniel Lerman. 2021. Yes but: developing a critical stance toward evidence. International Journal of Science Education(2021) 1\u201318."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3408877.3432513"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Automated Assessment for Scientific Explanations in On-Line Science Inquiry","author":"Li Haiying","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haiying Li , Janice Gobert , and Rachel Dickler . 2017. Automated Assessment for Scientific Explanations in On-Line Science Inquiry . International Educational Data Mining Society ( 2017 ). Haiying Li, Janice Gobert, and Rachel Dickler. 2017. Automated Assessment for Scientific Explanations in On-Line Science Inquiry.International Educational Data Mining Society (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i09.7061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376727"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15388\/infedu.2020.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2957276.2957280"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-004-3431-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of international conference on intelligence analysis, Vol.\u00a05. McLean, VA, USA, 2\u20134.","author":"Pirolli Peter","year":"2005","unstructured":"Peter Pirolli and Stuart Card . 2005 . The sensemaking process and leverage points for analyst technology as identified through cognitive task analysis . In Proceedings of international conference on intelligence analysis, Vol.\u00a05. McLean, VA, USA, 2\u20134. Peter Pirolli and Stuart Card. 2005. The sensemaking process and leverage points for analyst technology as identified through cognitive task analysis. In Proceedings of international conference on intelligence analysis, Vol.\u00a05. McLean, VA, USA, 2\u20134."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"A scaffolding design framework for software to support science inquiry. The journal of the learning sciences 13, 3","author":"Quintana Chris","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chris Quintana , Brian\u00a0 J Reiser , Elizabeth\u00a0 A Davis , Joseph Krajcik , Eric Fretz , Ravit\u00a0Golan Duncan , Eleni Kyza , Daniel Edelson , and Elliot Soloway . 2004. A scaffolding design framework for software to support science inquiry. The journal of the learning sciences 13, 3 ( 2004 ), 337\u2013386. Chris Quintana, Brian\u00a0J Reiser, Elizabeth\u00a0A Davis, Joseph Krajcik, Eric Fretz, Ravit\u00a0Golan Duncan, Eleni Kyza, Daniel Edelson, and Elliot Soloway. 2004. A scaffolding design framework for software to support science inquiry. The journal of the learning sciences 13, 3 (2004), 337\u2013386."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Charles Romesburg. 2004. Cluster analysis for researchers. Lulu. Charles Romesburg. 2004. Cluster analysis for researchers. Lulu."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"workshop on intelligent educational games at the 14th international conference on artificial intelligence in education","author":"Rowe Jonathan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jonathan Rowe , Bradford Mott , Scott McQuiggan , Jennifer Robison , Sunyoung Lee , and James Lester . 2009 . Crystal island: A narrative-centered learning environment for eighth grade microbiology . In workshop on intelligent educational games at the 14th international conference on artificial intelligence in education , Brighton, UK. 11\u201320. Jonathan Rowe, Bradford Mott, Scott McQuiggan, Jennifer Robison, Sunyoung Lee, and James Lester. 2009. Crystal island: A narrative-centered learning environment for eighth grade microbiology. In workshop on intelligent educational games at the 14th international conference on artificial intelligence in education, Brighton, UK. 11\u201320."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3017680.3017717"},{"volume-title":"By States","author":"States Ngss\u00a0Lead","key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Ngss\u00a0Lead States . 2013. Next Generation Science Standards: For States , By States . The National Academies Press , Washington, DC . Ngss\u00a0Lead States. 2013. Next Generation Science Standards: For States, By States. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33019795"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"VIS 05","author":"Van\u00a0Wijk J","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jarke\u00a0 J Van\u00a0Wijk . 2005. The value of visualization . In VIS 05 . IEEE Visualization, 2005 . IEEE , 79\u201386. Jarke\u00a0J Van\u00a0Wijk. 2005. The value of visualization. In VIS 05. IEEE Visualization, 2005. IEEE, 79\u201386."},{"volume-title":"Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes","author":"Vygotsky Lev\u00a0Semenovich","key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Lev\u00a0Semenovich Vygotsky . 1980. Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes . Harvard university press . Lev\u00a0Semenovich Vygotsky. 1980. Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard university press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3392063.3394440"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Colin Ware. 2019. Information visualization: perception for design. Morgan Kaufmann. Colin Ware. 2019. Information visualization: perception for design. Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1161948"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33019737"},{"volume-title":"Now, I Want to Teach it for Real!\u201d: Introducing Machine Learning as a Scientific Discovery Tool for K-12 Teachers. (2021)","author":"Zhou Xiaofei","key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Xiaofei Zhou , Jingwan Tang , Daley Michael , Saad Ahmad , and Zhen Bai . 2021. \u201c Now, I Want to Teach it for Real!\u201d: Introducing Machine Learning as a Scientific Discovery Tool for K-12 Teachers. (2021) . ( In press) . Xiaofei Zhou, Jingwan Tang, Daley Michael, Saad Ahmad, and Zhen Bai. 2021. \u201cNow, I Want to Teach it for Real!\u201d: Introducing Machine Learning as a Scientific Discovery Tool for K-12 Teachers. (2021). (In press)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3311927.3323139"}],"event":{"name":"IDC '21: Interaction Design and Children","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"],"location":"Athens Greece","acronym":"IDC '21"},"container-title":["Interaction Design and Children"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3459990.3465194","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3459990.3465194","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:28:46Z","timestamp":1750195726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3459990.3465194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3459990.3465194","10.1145\/3459990"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3459990.3465194","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}