{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T16:48:06Z","timestamp":1780418886416,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"ERC","award":["306994"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306994"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ICA\/R1\/180226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICA\/R1\/180226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digital Threats"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            This article discusses secure methods to conduct e-voting over a blockchain in three different settings: decentralized voting, centralized remote voting, and centralized polling station voting. These settings cover almost all voting scenarios that occur in practice. A proof-of-concept implementation for decentralized voting over Ethereum\u2019s blockchain is presented. This work demonstrates the suitable use of a blockchain not just as a public bulletin board but, more importantly, as a trustworthy computing platform that enforces the correct execution of the voting protocol in a publicly verifiable manner. We also discuss scaling up a blockchain-based voting application for national elections. We show that for national-scale elections the major verifiability problems can be addressed without having to depend on any blockchain. However, a blockchain remains a viable option to realize a public bulletin board, which has the advantage of being a \u201cpreventive\u201d measure to stop retrospective changes on previously published records as opposed to a \u201cdetective\u201d measure like the use of mirror websites. CCS Concepts: \u2022\u00a0\n            <jats:bold>Security and privacy<\/jats:bold>\n            ;\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3461461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,17]],"date-time":"2021-10-17T01:40:14Z","timestamp":1634434814000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["On Secure E-Voting over Blockchain"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Mccorry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pisa Research Ltd, United Kingdoms"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Mehrnezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University, United Kingdoms"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Toreini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Durham, United Kingdoms"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siamak F.","family":"Shahandashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of York, United Kingdoms"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8664-5074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warwick, United Kingdoms"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"335","volume-title":"Proceedings of the USENIX Security Symposium","volume":"17","author":"Adida Ben","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ben Adida. 2008. 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