{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T20:08:30Z","timestamp":1768421310782,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Commun. ACM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The recent progress and ongoing problems of keeping online platforms and their users safe from malicious activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3462671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T16:24:29Z","timestamp":1643041469000},"page":"92-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Preserving integrity in online social networks"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Alon","family":"Halevy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Meta AI, Menlo Park, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Canton-Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meta AI, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meta AI, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umut","family":"Ozertem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Pantel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meta AI, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Saeidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meta AI, London"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapienza University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ves","family":"Stoyanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meta AI, Menlo Park, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"AI Advances to Better Detect Hate Speech 2020; https:\/\/ai.facebook.com\/blog\/ai-advances-to-better-detect-hatespeech\/.  AI Advances to Better Detect Hate Speech 2020; https:\/\/ai.facebook.com\/blog\/ai-advances-to-better-detect-hatespeech\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election. Nature Communications 10 (Jan","author":"Bovet A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bovet , A. and Makse , H.A . Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election. Nature Communications 10 (Jan . 2019 ). Bovet, A. and Makse, H.A. Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election. Nature Communications 10 (Jan. 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Bringing people closer together 2020; https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/business\/news\/news-feed-fyi-bringing-people-closer-together.  Bringing people closer together 2020; https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/business\/news\/news-feed-fyi-bringing-people-closer-together."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2019 IEEE Intern. Conf. Computer Vision.","author":"Chan C.","unstructured":"Chan , C. , Ginosar , S. , Zhou , T. , and Efros , A.A . Everybody dance now . In Proceedings of 2019 IEEE Intern. Conf. Computer Vision. Chan, C., Ginosar, S., Zhou, T., and Efros, A.A. Everybody dance now. In Proceedings of 2019 IEEE Intern. Conf. Computer Vision."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"et al. Unsupervised cross-lingual representation learning at scale. (2019)","author":"Conneau A.","year":"1911","unstructured":"Conneau , A. et al. Unsupervised cross-lingual representation learning at scale. (2019) ; arXiv: 1911 .02116. Conneau, A. et al. Unsupervised cross-lingual representation learning at scale. (2019); arXiv:1911.02116."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. (2018)","author":"Devlin J.","year":"1810","unstructured":"Devlin , J. , Chang , M-W , Lee , K. , and Toutanova , K . Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. (2018) ; arXiv: 1810 .04805. Devlin, J., Chang, M-W, Lee, K., and Toutanova, K. Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. (2018); arXiv:1810.04805."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"The DeepFake detection challenge dataset. (2020)","author":"Dolhansky B.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dolhansky , B. , Bitton , J. , Pflaum , B. , Lu , J. , Howes , R. , Wang , M. , and Ferrer , C.C . The DeepFake detection challenge dataset. (2020) ; ArXiv :abs\/ 2006 .07397. Dolhansky, B., Bitton, J., Pflaum, B., Lu, J., Howes, R., Wang, M., and Ferrer, C.C. The DeepFake detection challenge dataset. (2020); ArXiv:abs\/2006.07397."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Facebook Community Standards Enforcement Report 2020; https:\/\/transparency.facebook.com\/community-standardsenforcement.  Facebook Community Standards Enforcement Report 2020; https:\/\/transparency.facebook.com\/community-standardsenforcement."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939754"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"2018 15th IEEE Intern. Conf. Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance. IEEE, 1--6.","author":"G\u00fcera D.","unstructured":"G\u00fcera , D. and Delp , E . Deepfake video detection using recurrent neural networks . In 2018 15th IEEE Intern. Conf. Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance. IEEE, 1--6. G\u00fcera, D. and Delp, E. Deepfake video detection using recurrent neural networks. In 2018 15th IEEE Intern. Conf. Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance. IEEE, 1--6."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Preserving Integrity in Online Social Networks. (2020)","author":"Halevy A.Y.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Halevy , A.Y. , Canton-Ferrer , C. , Ma , H. , Ozertem , U. , Pantel , P. , Saeidi , M. , Silvestri , F. , and Stoyanov , V . Preserving Integrity in Online Social Networks. (2020) ; https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/ 2009 .10311 Halevy, A.Y., Canton-Ferrer, C., Ma, H., Ozertem, U., Pantel, P., Saeidi, M., Silvestri, F., and Stoyanov, V. Preserving Integrity in Online Social Networks. (2020); https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2009.10311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3366030.3366039"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Supervised multimodal bitransformers for classifying images and text. (2019)","author":"Kiela D.","year":"1909","unstructured":"Kiela , D. , Bhooshan , S. , Firooz , H. , and Testuggine , D . Supervised multimodal bitransformers for classifying images and text. (2019) ; http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/ 1909 .02950 Kiela, D., Bhooshan, S., Firooz, H., and Testuggine, D. Supervised multimodal bitransformers for classifying images and text. (2019); http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1909.02950"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"The hateful memes challenge: Detecting hate speech in multimodal memes. (2020)","author":"Kiela D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kiela , D. , The hateful memes challenge: Detecting hate speech in multimodal memes. (2020) ; arXiv: 2005 .04790. Kiela, D., et al. The hateful memes challenge: Detecting hate speech in multimodal memes. (2020); arXiv:2005.04790."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Cross-lingual language model pretraining. (2019)","author":"Lample G.","year":"1901","unstructured":"Lample , G. and Conneau , A . Cross-lingual language model pretraining. (2019) ; arXiv: 1901 .07291. Lample, G. and Conneau, A. Cross-lingual language model pretraining. (2019); arXiv:1901.07291."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 Intern. Conf. Learning Representations.","author":"Lan Z.","unstructured":"Lan , Z. , Chen , M. , Goodman , S. , Gimpel , K. , Sharma , P. , and Soricut , R . ALBERT: A lite BERT for self-supervised learning of language representations . In Proceedings of the 2020 Intern. Conf. Learning Representations. Lan, Z., Chen, M., Goodman, S., Gimpel, K., Sharma, P., and Soricut, R. ALBERT: A lite BERT for self-supervised learning of language representations. In Proceedings of the 2020 Intern. Conf. Learning Representations."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Intern. Workshop on Information Forensics and Security. IEEE, 1--7.","author":"Li Y.","unstructured":"Li , Y. , Chang , M. , and Lyu , S . In ictu oculi: Exposing AI created fake videos by detecting eye blinking . In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Intern. Workshop on Information Forensics and Security. IEEE, 1--7. Li, Y., Chang, M., and Lyu, S. In ictu oculi: Exposing AI created fake videos by detecting eye blinking. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Intern. Workshop on Information Forensics and Security. IEEE, 1--7."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Exposing deepfake videos by detecting face warping artifacts. (2018)","author":"Li Y.","year":"1811","unstructured":"Li , Y. and Lyu , S . Exposing deepfake videos by detecting face warping artifacts. (2018) ; arXiv: 1811 .00656 (2018). Li, Y. and Lyu, S. Exposing deepfake videos by detecting face warping artifacts. (2018); arXiv:1811.00656 (2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Roberta: A robustly optimized BERT pretraining approach. (2019)","author":"Liu Y.","year":"1907","unstructured":"Liu , Y. , Roberta: A robustly optimized BERT pretraining approach. (2019) ; arXiv: 1907 .11692. Liu, Y., et al. Roberta: A robustly optimized BERT pretraining approach. (2019); arXiv:1907.11692."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32: Annual Conf. Neural Information Processing Systems.","author":"Lu J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu , J. , Batra , D. , Parikh , D. , and Lee , S . ViLBERT: Pretraining task-agnostic visiolinguistic representations for vision-and-language tasks . In Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32: Annual Conf. Neural Information Processing Systems. ( Vancouver, BC, Canada, Dec. 8--14 , 2019 ), 13--23; http:\/\/papers.nips.cc\/paper\/8297-vilbert-pretraining-task-agnostic-visiolinguistic-representations-for-visionand-language-tasks Lu, J., Batra, D., Parikh, D., and Lee, S. ViLBERT: Pretraining task-agnostic visiolinguistic representations for vision-and-language tasks. In Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32: Annual Conf. Neural Information Processing Systems. (Vancouver, BC, Canada, Dec. 8--14, 2019), 13--23; http:\/\/papers.nips.cc\/paper\/8297-vilbert-pretraining-task-agnostic-visiolinguistic-representations-for-visionand-language-tasks"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Conf. Short Papers. Assoc. Computational Linguistics, 309--312","author":"Mihalcea R.","unstructured":"Mihalcea , R. and Strapparava , C . The lie detector: Explorations in the automatic recognition of deceptive language . In Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Conf. Short Papers. Assoc. Computational Linguistics, 309--312 . Mihalcea, R. and Strapparava, C. The lie detector: Explorations in the automatic recognition of deceptive language. In Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Conf. Short Papers. Assoc. Computational Linguistics, 309--312."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th Intern. Conf. Computational Linguistics","author":"Mishra P.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mishra , P. , Tredici , M. , Yannakoudakis , H. , and Shutova , E . Author profiling for abuse detection . In Proceedings of the 27th Intern. Conf. Computational Linguistics , 2018 , 1088--1098. Mishra, P., Tredici, M., Yannakoudakis, H., and Shutova, E. Author profiling for abuse detection. In Proceedings of the 27th Intern. Conf. Computational Linguistics, 2018, 1088--1098."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Intern. Conf. Computer Vision.","author":"Nirkin Y.","unstructured":"Nirkin , Y. , Keller , Y. , and Hassner , T . FSGAN: Subject agnostic face swapping and reenactment . In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Intern. Conf. Computer Vision. Nirkin, Y., Keller, Y., and Hassner, T. FSGAN: Subject agnostic face swapping and reenactment. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Intern. Conf. Computer Vision."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"TIES: Temporal interaction embeddings for enhancing social media integrity at Facebook. (2020)","author":"Noorshams N.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Noorshams , N. , Verma , S. , and Hofleitner , A . TIES: Temporal interaction embeddings for enhancing social media integrity at Facebook. (2020) ; arXiv: 2002 .07917. Noorshams, N., Verma, S., and Hofleitner, A. TIES: Temporal interaction embeddings for enhancing social media integrity at Facebook. (2020); arXiv:2002.07917."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Learning-based video motion magnification. (2018)","author":"Oh T.","year":"1804","unstructured":"Oh , T. , Learning-based video motion magnification. (2018) ; arXiv: 1804 .02684. Oh, T., et al. Learning-based video motion magnification. (2018); arXiv:1804.02684."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Uncovering coordinated networks on social media. (2020)","author":"Pacheco D.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pacheco , D. , Hui , P. , Torres-Lugo , C. , Truong , B. , Flammini , A. , and Menczer , F . Uncovering coordinated networks on social media. (2020) ; arXiv: 2001 .05658. Pacheco, D., Hui, P., Torres-Lugo, C., Truong, B., Flammini, A., and Menczer, F. Uncovering coordinated networks on social media. (2020); arXiv:2001.05658."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Deep contextualized word representations. (2018)","author":"Peters M.","year":"1802","unstructured":"Peters , M. , Deep contextualized word representations. (2018) ; http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/ 1802 .05365. Peters, M., et al. Deep contextualized word representations. (2018); http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1802.05365."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"False news on social media: A data-driven survey. (2019)","author":"Pierri F.","year":"1902","unstructured":"Pierri , F. and Ceri , S . False news on social media: A data-driven survey. (2019) ; http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/ 1902 .07539 Pierri, F. and Ceri, S. False news on social media: A data-driven survey. (2019); http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1902.07539"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"TTS skins: Speaker conversion via ASR. (2019)","author":"Polyak A.","year":"1904","unstructured":"Polyak , A. , Wolf , L. , and Taigman , Y . TTS skins: Speaker conversion via ASR. (2019) ; ArXiv abs\/ 1904 .08983. Polyak, A., Wolf, L., and Taigman, Y. TTS skins: Speaker conversion via ASR. (2019); ArXiv abs\/1904.08983."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer. (2019)","author":"Raffel C.","year":"1910","unstructured":"Raffel , C. , Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer. (2019) ; arXiv: 1910 .10683. Raffel, C., et al. Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer. (2019); arXiv:1910.10683."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.394"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"The spread of low-credibility content by social bots","author":"Shao C.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shao , C. , Ciampaglia , G. , Varol , O. , Yang , K. , Flammini , A. , and Menczer , F . The spread of low-credibility content by social bots . Nature Commun. 9 ( 2018 ). Shao, C., Ciampaglia, G., Varol, O., Yang, K., Flammini, A., and Menczer, F. The spread of low-credibility content by social bots. Nature Commun. 9 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature Commun."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3305260"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3306346.3323035"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the The IEEE Intern. Conf. Computer Vision.","author":"Tran D.","unstructured":"Tran , D. , Wang , H. , Torresani , L. , and Feiszli , M . Video classification with channel-separated convolutional networks . In Proceedings of the The IEEE Intern. Conf. Computer Vision. Tran, D., Wang, H., Torresani, L., and Feiszli, M. Video classification with channel-separated convolutional networks. In Proceedings of the The IEEE Intern. Conf. Computer Vision."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Media forensics and DeepFakes: An overview. (2020)","author":"Verdoliva L.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Verdoliva , L. Media forensics and DeepFakes: An overview. (2020) ; ArXiv abs\/ 2001 .06564. Verdoliva, L. Media forensics and DeepFakes: An overview. (2020); ArXiv abs\/2001.06564."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"359","article-title":"The spread of true and false news online","author":"Vosoughi S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vosoughi , S. , Roy , D. , and Aral , S . The spread of true and false news online . Science 359 ( 2018 ). Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., and Aral, S. The spread of true and false news online. Science 359 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3159652.3159677"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","first-page":"5764","article-title":"Xlnet: Generalized autoregressive pretraining for language understanding","volume":"5754","author":"Yang Z.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang , Z. , Dai , Z. , Yang , Y. , Carbonell , J. , Salakhutdinov , R. , and Le , Q . Xlnet: Generalized autoregressive pretraining for language understanding . Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems , 2019 , 5754 -- 5764 . Yang, Z., Dai, Z., Yang, Y., Carbonell, J., Salakhutdinov, R., and Le, Q. Xlnet: Generalized autoregressive pretraining for language understanding. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2019, 5754--5764.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Realistic face reenactment via self-supervised disentangling of identity and pose. (2020)","author":"Zeng X.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zeng , X. , Pan , Y. , Wang , M. , Zhang , J. , and Liu , Y . Realistic face reenactment via self-supervised disentangling of identity and pose. (2020) ; ArXiv abs\/ 2003 .12957. Zeng, X., Pan, Y., Wang, M., Zhang, J., and Liu, Y. Realistic face reenactment via self-supervised disentangling of identity and pose. (2020); ArXiv abs\/2003.12957."}],"container-title":["Communications of the ACM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3462671","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3462671","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:19:02Z","timestamp":1750191542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3462671"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3462671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3462671","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-0782","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}