{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:21:47Z","timestamp":1759332107730,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":88,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh and the University of Glasgow jointly funded PhD studentships"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000332","name":"Royal Society of Edinburgh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["65040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["65040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"EPSRC New Investigator Award","award":["EP\/V008870\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/V008870\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3464327.3464329","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T16:35:22Z","timestamp":1631032522000},"page":"154-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Observing Virtual Avatars: The Impact of Avatars\u2019 Fidelity on Identifying Interactions"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Mathis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Kami","family":"Vaniea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Khamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, United Kingdom"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3314111.3319837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TENCONSpring.2016.7519387"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3134600.3134609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Biguer M. Jeannerod and C. Prablanc. 1982. The coordination of eye head and arm movements during reaching at a single visual target. Experimental Brain Research 46 2 (01 May 1982) 301\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00237188  B. Biguer M. Jeannerod and C. Prablanc. 1982. The coordination of eye head and arm movements during reaching at a single visual target. Experimental Brain Research 46 2 (01 May 1982) 301\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00237188","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237188"},{"volume-title":"Eye-Head Coordination in Monkeys: Evidence for Centrally Patterned Organization. Science 173, 3995","year":"1971","author":"Bizzi Emilio","key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Doug Bowman Chadwick Wingrave Joshua Campbell and Vinh Ly. 2001. Using pinch gloves (tm) for both natural and abstract interaction techniques in virtual environments. (2001).  Doug Bowman Chadwick Wingrave Joshua Campbell and Vinh Ly. 2001. Using pinch gloves (tm) for both natural and abstract interaction techniques in virtual environments. (2001)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Juan Casanueva and Edwin Blake. 2001. The effects of avatars on co-presence in a collaborative virtual environment. (2001).  Juan Casanueva and Edwin Blake. 2001. The effects of avatars on co-presence in a collaborative virtual environment. (2001)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878118799472"},{"volume-title":"Max-Emanuel Maurer, Elisa Rubegni, Marcello\u00a0Paolo Scipioni, and Marc Langheinrich.","year":"2013","author":"De\u00a0Luca Alexander","key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3128782.3128794"},{"volume-title":"Understanding Shoulder Surfing in the Wild: Stories from Users and Observers","author":"Eiband Malin","key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025636"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/16.3.33"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2501604.2501617"},{"volume-title":"My Avatar: How People Perceive Their Avatars in Social Virtual Reality. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","year":"2020","author":"Freeman Guo","key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/642611.642703"},{"volume-title":"The visual analysis of human movement: A survey. Computer vision and image understanding 73, 1","year":"1999","author":"Gavrila M","key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1"},{"volume-title":"Investigating the Third Dimension for Authentication in Immersive Virtual Reality and in the Real World. In 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). 277\u2013285","year":"2019","author":"George C.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14722\/usec.2017.23028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1997.6.1.87"},{"volume-title":"2013 8th ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). 349\u2013356","year":"2013","author":"Gleeson B.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1"},{"volume-title":"https:\/\/locomotionvault.github.io\/ accessed","year":"2021","author":"Gonzalez-Franco Mar","key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1"},{"volume-title":"The Rocketbox library and the utility of freely available rigged avatars. Frontiers in Virtual Reality (November","year":"2020","author":"Gonzalez\u00a0Franco Mar","key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1"},{"volume-title":"https:\/\/github.com\/microsoft\/Microsoft-Rocketbox accessed","year":"2020","author":"Gonzalez-Franco Mar","key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2010.5444805"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357074"},{"volume-title":"ShareVR: Enabling Co-Located Experiences for Virtual Reality between HMD and Non-HMD Users","author":"Gugenheimer Jan","key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025683"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SG Hart and LE Staveland. 1988. Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. In Human mental workload. http:\/\/humanfactors.arc.nasa.gov\/groups\/TLX\/downloads\/NASA-TLXChapter.pdf  SG Hart and LE Staveland. 1988. Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. In Human mental workload. http:\/\/humanfactors.arc.nasa.gov\/groups\/TLX\/downloads\/NASA-TLXChapter.pdf","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3DUI.2017.7893357"},{"volume-title":"Introducing the Animation Rigging preview package for Unity","year":"2019","author":"Hunt Dave","key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings the 30th Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents. 27\u201336","year":"2017","author":"Jo Dongsik","key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3287052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03655-2_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173919"},{"volume-title":"Human biological and nonbiological point-light movements: Creation and validation of the dataset. Behavior research methods 49, 6","year":"2017","author":"Lapenta Olivia\u00a0Morgan","key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3139131.3139156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2009.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3282894.3282910"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 38th Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","year":"2020","author":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4 Ville","key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300819"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","year":"2021","author":"Mathis Florian","key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1"},{"volume-title":"RubikAuth: Fast and Secure Authentication in Virtual Reality. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","year":"2020","author":"Mathis Florian","key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1"},{"volume-title":"Fast and Secure Authentication in Virtual Reality using Coordinated 3D Manipulation and Pointing. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (ToCHI) (Jan","year":"2021","author":"Mathis Florian","key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI 2021 Workshop on XR Remote Research. http:\/\/www.mat.qmul.ac.uk\/xr-chi-2021\/","year":"2021","author":"Mathis Florian","key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","article-title":"The effects of avatar appearance in virtual worlds","volume":"2","author":"Merola Nicholas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal for Virtual Worlds Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3139131.3139141"},{"volume-title":"Mozilla Labs - Hubs by Mozilla. https:\/\/hubs.mozilla.com\/ accessed","year":"2020","key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2007.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","article-title":"The Influence of the Avatar on Online Perceptions of Anthropomorphism, Androgyny, Credibility, Homophily, and Attraction","volume":"11","author":"Nowak L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"volume-title":"Virtual Hand Realism Affects Object Size Perception in Body-Based Scaling. In 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). 519\u2013528","year":"2019","author":"Ogawa N.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3385378.3385385"},{"volume-title":"Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019 accessed","year":"2020","author":"World\u00a0Health Organization","key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1"},{"volume-title":"Avatar Type Affects Performance of Cognitive Tasks in Virtual Reality. In 25th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (Parramatta, NSW, Australia) (VRST \u201919)","year":"2019","author":"Pan Ye","key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3DUI.2017.7893315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173620"},{"volume-title":"Quickly find research participants you can trust.https:\/\/www.prolific.co\/ accessed","year":"2020","key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3131277.3132182"},{"volume-title":"Qualtrics Experience Managements. https:\/\/www.qualtrics.com accessed","year":"2020","key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3243734.3243740"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Roth J. Lugrin D. Galakhov A. Hofmann G. Bente M.\u00a0E. Latoschik and A. Fuhrmann. 2016. Avatar realism and social interaction quality in virtual reality. In 2016 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR). 277\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VR.2016.7504761  D. Roth J. Lugrin D. Galakhov A. Hofmann G. Bente M.\u00a0E. Latoschik and A. Fuhrmann. 2016. Avatar realism and social interaction quality in virtual reality. In 2016 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR). 277\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VR.2016.7504761","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2016.7504761"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 39th Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","year":"2021","author":"Saffo David","key":"e_1_3_2_1_63_1"},{"volume-title":"Comparing Pedestrian Navigation Methods in Virtual Reality and Real Life. In 2019 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction","year":"2019","author":"Savino Gian-Luca","key":"e_1_3_2_1_64_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SECON.2013.6567441"},{"edition":"6","volume-title":"Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction","author":"Shneiderman Ben","key":"e_1_3_2_1_66_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_67_1","article-title":"Eye, Head and Torso Coordination During Gaze Shifts in Virtual Reality","volume":"27","author":"Sidenmark Ludwig","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact."},{"volume-title":"The influence of body movement on subjective presence in virtual environments. Human factors 40, 3","year":"1998","author":"Slater Mel","key":"e_1_3_2_1_68_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/38.749116"},{"volume-title":"Body centred interaction in immersive virtual environments. Artificial life and virtual reality 1","year":"1994","author":"Slater Mel","key":"e_1_3_2_1_70_1"},{"volume-title":"https:\/\/obsproject.com\/de accessed","year":"2020","author":"Open Broadcaster Open\u00a0Broadcaster","key":"e_1_3_2_1_71_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208585"},{"volume-title":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software & Technology (Daegu, Kyungpook, Republic of Korea) (UIST \u201915 Adjunct)","author":"Sra Misha","key":"e_1_3_2_1_73_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/223904.223938"},{"volume-title":"Interviewing suspects with avatars: Avatars are more effective when perceived as human. Frontiers in psychology 7","year":"2016","author":"Str\u00f6fer Sabine","key":"e_1_3_2_1_75_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300243"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300426"},{"volume-title":"Tobii HTC VIVE Devkit. https:\/\/vr.tobii.com\/sdk\/develop\/unity\/getting-started\/tobii-htc-dev-kit\/ accessed","year":"2020","author":"Technology Tobii","key":"e_1_3_2_1_78_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/14.3.13"},{"volume-title":"Tobii Pro VR Integration. https:\/\/www.tobiipro.com\/product-listing\/vr-integration\/ accessed","year":"2020","key":"e_1_3_2_1_80_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14528"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2493432.2493477"},{"volume-title":"The 7th Annual International Presence Workshop. Citeseer, 148\u2013155","year":"2004","author":"Vinayagamoorthy Vinoba","key":"e_1_3_2_1_83_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of Toward Social Mechanisms of Android Science: A CogSci 2005 Workshop. COGSCI 2005, 119\u2013126","year":"2005","author":"Vinayagamoorthy Vinoba","key":"e_1_3_2_1_84_1"},{"volume-title":"VIVE Facial Tracker: Express more than words in VR. https:\/\/www.vive.com\/us\/accessory\/facial-tracker\/ accessed","year":"2021","author":"HTC VIVE.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_85_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300737"},{"volume-title":"Revisited: Comparison of Empirical Methods to Evaluate Visualizations Supporting Crafting and Assembly Purposes","year":"2020","author":"Wei\u00df M.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_87_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445729"}],"event":{"name":"Mindtrek '21: Academic Mindtrek 2021","acronym":"Mindtrek '21","location":"Tampere\/Virtual Finland"},"container-title":["Academic Mindtrek 2021"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3464327.3464329","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3464327.3464329","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:12:16Z","timestamp":1750191136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3464327.3464329"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3464327.3464329","10.1145\/3464327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3464327.3464329","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}}}