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However, the operating systems and hypervisors currently used in cloud computing will lead to power, performance, and scalability problems in an exascale cloud computing environment. Consequently, the present study proposes a parallel hardware hypervisor system that is implemented entirely in special-purpose hardware, and that virtualizes application-specific multi-chip supercomputers, to enable virtual supercomputers to share available FPGA and ASIC resources in a cloud system. In addition to the virtualization of multi-chip supercomputers, the system\u2019s other unique features include simultaneous migration of multiple communicating hardware tasks, and on-demand increase or decrease of hardware resources allocated to a virtual supercomputer. Partitioning the flat hardware design of the proposed hypervisor system into multiple partitions and applying the chip unioning technique to its partitions, the present study introduces a cloud building block chip that can be used to create FPGA or ASIC clouds as well. Single-chip and multi-chip verification studies have been done to verify the functional correctness of the hypervisor system, which consumes only a fraction of (10%) hardware resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3466822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T13:42:41Z","timestamp":1638366161000},"page":"1-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cloud Building Block Chip for Creating FPGA and ASIC Clouds"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Atakan","family":"Do\u011fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kemal","family":"Ebcio\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Supercomputing Corporation, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2906910"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2661582"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3241737"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2650280.2650362"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3195638.3195647"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2597917.2597929"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atakan Do\u011fan and Kemal Ebcio\u011flu. 2021. 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