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Based on a large dataset collected with open web-measurement platforms on different device-types, a unique feature set is designed and used to estimate the RUMSI - an efficient approximation to SI, with machinelearning based regression and classification approaches. Results indicate that it is possible to estimate the RUMSI accurately, and that in particular, recurrent neural networks are highly suitable for the task, as they capture the network dynamics more precisely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3466826.3466840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T16:09:27Z","timestamp":1621440567000},"page":"37-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Improving Web QoE Monitoring for Encrypted Network Traffic through Time Series Modeling"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Nikolas","family":"Wehner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wurzburg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Seufert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wurzburg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Schuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wurzburg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Wassermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIT Austrian Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Hossfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wurzburg"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"European Network on Quality of Experience in Multimedia Systems and Services (COST Action IC 1003)","author":"Le Callet P.","year":"2013","unstructured":"P. Le Callet , S. Moller , and A. Perkis (eds), \"Qualinet White Paper on Definitions of Quality of Experience,\" tech. rep ., European Network on Quality of Experience in Multimedia Systems and Services (COST Action IC 1003) , 2013 , ver. 1.2. P. Le Callet, S. Moller, and A. Perkis (eds), \"Qualinet White Paper on Definitions of Quality of Experience,\" tech. rep., European Network on Quality of Experience in Multimedia Systems and Services (COST Action IC 1003), 2013, ver. 1.2."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1109\/QoMEX.2012.6263888","volume-title":"Waiting times in quality of experience for web based services,\" in 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience","author":"Egger S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"S. Egger , T. Hossfeld , R. Schatz , and M. Fiedler , \" Waiting times in quality of experience for web based services,\" in 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience , pp. 86 -- 96 , IEEE , 2012 . S. Egger, T. Hossfeld, R. Schatz, and M. Fiedler, \"Waiting times in quality of experience for web based services,\" in 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience, pp. 86--96, IEEE, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Speed index: Relating the industrial standard for user perceived web performance to web qoe,\" in 2018 Tenth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)","author":"Hossfeld T.","year":"2018","unstructured":"T. Hossfeld , F. Metzger , and D. Rossi , \" Speed index: Relating the industrial standard for user perceived web performance to web qoe,\" in 2018 Tenth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX) , pp. 1 -- 6 , IEEE , 2018 . T. Hossfeld, F. Metzger, and D. Rossi, \"Speed index: Relating the industrial standard for user perceived web performance to web qoe,\" in 2018 Tenth International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), pp. 1--6, IEEE, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Narrowing the gap between qos metrics and web qoe using above-the-fold metrics,\" in Passive and Active Network Measurement Conference","author":"da Hora D. N.","year":"2018","unstructured":"D. N. da Hora , A. S. Asrese , V. Christophides , R. Teixeira , and D. Rossi , \" Narrowing the gap between qos metrics and web qoe using above-the-fold metrics,\" in Passive and Active Network Measurement Conference , 2018 . D. N. da Hora, A. S. Asrese, V. Christophides, R. Teixeira, and D. Rossi, \"Narrowing the gap between qos metrics and web qoe using above-the-fold metrics,\" in Passive and Active Network Measurement Conference, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"P. Meenan \"Real User Monitoring SpeedIndex (RUMSI) \" 2020. https:\/\/github.com\/WPO-Foundation\/RUM-SpeedIndex  P. Meenan \"Real User Monitoring SpeedIndex (RUMSI) \" 2020. https:\/\/github.com\/WPO-Foundation\/RUM-SpeedIndex"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Webqmon.ai: threshold-oblivious on-line web qoe assessment using lstm neural networks,\" in IEEE INFOCOM 2019 Workshops","author":"Song E.","year":"2019","unstructured":"E. Song , T. Pan , C. Jia , T. Huang , and Y. Liu , \" Webqmon.ai: threshold-oblivious on-line web qoe assessment using lstm neural networks,\" in IEEE INFOCOM 2019 Workshops , 2019 . E. Song, T. Pan, C. Jia, T. Huang, and Y. Liu, \"Webqmon.ai: threshold-oblivious on-line web qoe assessment using lstm neural networks,\" in IEEE INFOCOM 2019 Workshops, 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Threshold-oblivious on-line web qoe assessment using neural network-based regression model,\" IET Communications","author":"Song E.","year":"2020","unstructured":"E. Song , T. Pan , Q. Fu , R. Zhang , C. Jia , W. Cao , and T. Huang , \" Threshold-oblivious on-line web qoe assessment using neural network-based regression model,\" IET Communications , 2020 . E. Song, T. Pan, Q. Fu, R. Zhang, C. Jia, W. Cao, and T. Huang, \"Threshold-oblivious on-line web qoe assessment using neural network-based regression model,\" IET Communications, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2018.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3342280.3342297"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Revealing qoe of web users from encrypted network traffic,\" in Proceedings of the 2020 IFIP Networking Conference (Networking)","author":"Huet A.","year":"2020","unstructured":"A. Huet , A. Saverimoutou , Z. B. Houidi , H. Shi , S. Cai , J. Xu , B. Mathieu , and D. Rossi , \" Revealing qoe of web users from encrypted network traffic,\" in Proceedings of the 2020 IFIP Networking Conference (Networking) , 2020 . A. Huet, A. Saverimoutou, Z. B. Houidi, H. Shi, S. Cai, J. Xu, B. Mathieu, and D. Rossi, \"Revealing qoe of web users from encrypted network traffic,\" in Proceedings of the 2020 IFIP Networking Conference (Networking), 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Wassermann P. Casas Z. Ben Houidi A. Huet M. Seufert N. Wehner J. Schuler S. Cai H. Shi J. Xu T. Ho\u00dffeld and D. Rossi \"Are you on mobile or desktop\" on the impact of end-user device on web qoe inference from encrypted traffic \" in Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) 2020.  S. Wassermann P. Casas Z. Ben Houidi A. Huet M. Seufert N. Wehner J. Schuler S. Cai H. Shi J. Xu T. Ho\u00dffeld and D. Rossi \"Are you on mobile or desktop\" on the impact of end-user device on web qoe inference from encrypted traffic \" in Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) 2020.","DOI":"10.23919\/CNSM50824.2020.9269095"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Learning phrase representations using rnn encoder-decoder for statistical machine translation,\" in Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP","author":"Cho K.","year":"2014","unstructured":"K. Cho , B. van Merrienboer , C. Gulcehre , F. Bougares , H. Schwenk , and Y. Bengio , \" Learning phrase representations using rnn encoder-decoder for statistical machine translation,\" in Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2014 ), 2014. K. Cho, B. van Merrienboer, C. Gulcehre, F. Bougares, H. Schwenk, and Y. Bengio, \"Learning phrase representations using rnn encoder-decoder for statistical machine translation,\" in Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2014), 2014."}],"container-title":["ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3466826.3466840","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3466826.3466840","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:28:09Z","timestamp":1750195689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3466826.3466840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3466826.3466840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3466826.3466840","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-5999"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-5999"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}