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Archit. Code Optim."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Most compilers have a single core intermediate representation (IR) (e.g., LLVM) sometimes complemented with vaguely defined IR-like data structures. This IR is commonly low-level and close to machine instructions. As a result, optimizations relying on domain-specific information are either not possible or require complex analysis to recover the missing information. In contrast, multi-level rewriting instantiates a hierarchy of dialects (IRs), lowers programs level-by-level, and performs code transformations at the most suitable level. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for the weather and climate domain. In particular, we develop a prototype compiler and design stencil- and GPU-specific dialects based on a set of newly introduced design principles. We find that two domain-specific optimizations (500 lines of code) realized on top of LLVM\u2019s extensible MLIR compiler infrastructure suffice to outperform state-of-the-art solutions. In essence, multi-level rewriting promises to herald the age of specialized compilers composed from domain- and target-specific dialects implemented on top of a shared infrastructure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3469030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T16:12:01Z","timestamp":1630685521000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Domain-Specific Multi-Level IR Rewriting for GPU"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Gysi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1978-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleksandr","family":"Zinenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google, France"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Herhut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google, Germany"}]},{"given":"Eddie","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vulcan Inc, USA"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Wicky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vulcan Inc, USA"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Fuhrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vulcan Inc, USA"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Hoefler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Grosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, UK"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"2020. 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