{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T14:06:19Z","timestamp":1774965979651,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":32,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014826","name":"ADAPT - Centre for Digital Content Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13\/RC\/2106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\/RC\/2106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/3469595.3469597","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T22:26:52Z","timestamp":1627079212000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["LGBTQ-AI? Exploring Expressions of Gender and Sexual Orientation in Chatbots"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Justin","family":"Edwards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Dublin, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Leigh","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swansea University, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bat Camp, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3310422"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70284-1_30"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology 3, 2","author":"Braun Virginia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke . 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology 3, 2 ( 2006 ), 77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology 3, 2 (2006), 77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Language Models are Few-Shot Learners. arXiv:2005.14165 [cs] (July","author":"Brown B.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tom\u00a0 B. Brown , Benjamin Mann , Nick Ryder , Melanie Subbiah , Jared Kaplan , Prafulla Dhariwal , Arvind Neelakantan , Pranav Shyam , Girish Sastry , Amanda Askell , Sandhini Agarwal , Ariel Herbert-Voss , Gretchen Krueger , Tom Henighan , Rewon Child , Aditya Ramesh , Daniel\u00a0 M. Ziegler , Jeffrey Wu , Clemens Winter , Christopher Hesse , Mark Chen , Eric Sigler , Mateusz Litwin , Scott Gray , Benjamin Chess , Jack Clark , Christopher Berner , Sam McCandlish , Alec Radford , Ilya Sutskever , and Dario Amodei . 2020. Language Models are Few-Shot Learners. arXiv:2005.14165 [cs] (July 2020 ). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2005.14165 arXiv:2005.14165. Tom\u00a0B. Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Sandhini Agarwal, Ariel Herbert-Voss, Gretchen Krueger, Tom Henighan, Rewon Child, Aditya Ramesh, Daniel\u00a0M. Ziegler, Jeffrey Wu, Clemens Winter, Christopher Hesse, Mark Chen, Eric Sigler, Mateusz Litwin, Scott Gray, Benjamin Chess, Jack Clark, Christopher Berner, Sam McCandlish, Alec Radford, Ilya Sutskever, and Dario Amodei. 2020. Language Models are Few-Shot Learners. arXiv:2005.14165 [cs] (July 2020). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2005.14165 arXiv:2005.14165."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461445605054407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3359325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noam Chomsky and David\u00a0W Lightfoot. 2009. Syntactic Structures. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9783110218329 OCLC: 979583577.  Noam Chomsky and David\u00a0W Lightfoot. 2009. Syntactic Structures. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9783110218329 OCLC: 979583577.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110218329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Voice Attractiveness: Studies on Sexy, Likable, and Charismatic Speakers, Benjamin Weiss, J\u00fcrgen Trouvain, Melissa Barkat-Defradas, and John\u00a0J","author":"Clark Leigh","unstructured":"Leigh Clark , Abdulmalik Ofemile , and Benjamin\u00a0 R. Cowan . 2021. Exploring Verbal Uncanny Valley Effects with Vague Language in Computer Speech . In Voice Attractiveness: Studies on Sexy, Likable, and Charismatic Speakers, Benjamin Weiss, J\u00fcrgen Trouvain, Melissa Barkat-Defradas, and John\u00a0J . Ohala (Eds.). Springer , Singapore , 317\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-15-6627-1_17 Leigh Clark, Abdulmalik Ofemile, and Benjamin\u00a0R. Cowan. 2021. Exploring Verbal Uncanny Valley Effects with Vague Language in Computer Speech. In Voice Attractiveness: Studies on Sexy, Likable, and Charismatic Speakers, Benjamin Weiss, J\u00fcrgen Trouvain, Melissa Barkat-Defradas, and John\u00a0J. Ohala (Eds.). Springer, Singapore, 317\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-15-6627-1_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Nell\u00a0Lewis CNN. [n.d.]. Robot friends: Why people talk to chatbots in times of trouble. https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/08\/19\/world\/chatbot-social-anxiety-spc-intl\/index.html  Nell\u00a0Lewis CNN. [n.d.]. Robot friends: Why people talk to chatbots in times of trouble. https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/08\/19\/world\/chatbot-social-anxiety-spc-intl\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"What Do We See in Them? Identifying Dimensions of Partner Models for Speech Interfaces Using a Psycholexical Approach. arXiv:2102.02094 [cs] (Feb","author":"Doyle R.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Philip\u00a0 R. Doyle , Leigh Clark , and Benjamin\u00a0 R. Cowan . 2021. What Do We See in Them? Identifying Dimensions of Partner Models for Speech Interfaces Using a Psycholexical Approach. arXiv:2102.02094 [cs] (Feb . 2021 ). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3411764.3445206 arXiv:2102.02094. Philip\u00a0R. Doyle, Leigh Clark, and Benjamin\u00a0R. Cowan. 2021. What Do We See in Them? Identifying Dimensions of Partner Models for Speech Interfaces Using a Psycholexical Approach. arXiv:2102.02094 [cs] (Feb. 2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3411764.3445206 arXiv:2102.02094."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3338286.3340116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3405755.3406136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Erving Goffman. 1978. The presentation of self in everyday life. Harmondsworth London.  Erving Goffman. 1978. The presentation of self in everyday life. Harmondsworth London."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Gender Differences in CMC: Findings and Implications. The CPSR Newsletter 18 (Jan","author":"Herring Susan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Susan Herring . 2000. Gender Differences in CMC: Findings and Implications. The CPSR Newsletter 18 (Jan . 2000 ). Susan Herring. 2000. Gender Differences in CMC: Findings and Implications. The CPSR Newsletter 18 (Jan. 2000)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","article-title":"Gender, Identity, and Language Use in Teenage Blogs","author":"Huffaker A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"David\u00a0 A. Huffaker and Sandra\u00a0 L. Calvert . 2005 . Gender, Identity, and Language Use in Teenage Blogs . Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 10, JCMC10211 ( Jan. 2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00238.x David\u00a0A. Huffaker and Sandra\u00a0L. Calvert. 2005. Gender, Identity, and Language Use in Teenage Blogs. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 10, JCMC10211 (Jan. 2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00238.x","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 10, JCMC10211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilhwan Hwang Jeewon Lee Cindy\u00a0Yoonjung Oh and Joonhwan Lee. 2019. It Sounds Like A Woman: Exploring Gender Stereotypes in South Korean Voice Assistants. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM Glasgow Scotland Uk 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3290607.3312915  Gilhwan Hwang Jeewon Lee Cindy\u00a0Yoonjung Oh and Joonhwan Lee. 2019. It Sounds Like A Woman: Exploring Gender Stereotypes in South Korean Voice Assistants. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM Glasgow Scotland Uk 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3290607.3312915","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3312915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Dialogues with Social Robots","author":"Moore K","unstructured":"Roger\u00a0 K Moore . 2017. Is spoken language all-or-nothing? Implications for future speech-based human-machine interaction . In Dialogues with Social Robots . Springer , 281\u2013291. Roger\u00a0K Moore. 2017. Is spoken language all-or-nothing? Implications for future speech-based human-machine interaction. In Dialogues with Social Robots. Springer, 281\u2013291."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/191666.191703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3342775.3342799"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Language models are unsupervised multitask learners","volume":"1","author":"Radford Alec","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alec Radford , Jeffrey Wu , Rewon Child , David Luan , Dario Amodei , and Ilya Sutskever . 2019 . Language models are unsupervised multitask learners . OpenAI Blog 1 , 8 (2019), 9 . Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei, and Ilya Sutskever. 2019. Language models are unsupervised multitask learners. OpenAI Blog 1, 8 (2019), 9.","journal-title":"OpenAI Blog"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Recipes for building an open-domain chatbot. arXiv:2004.13637 [cs] (April","author":"Roller Stephen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stephen Roller , Emily Dinan , Naman Goyal , Da Ju , Mary Williamson , Yinhan Liu , Jing Xu , Myle Ott , Kurt Shuster , Eric\u00a0 M. Smith , Y.- Lan Boureau , and Jason Weston . 2020. Recipes for building an open-domain chatbot. arXiv:2004.13637 [cs] (April 2020 ). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2004.13637 arXiv:2004.13637. Stephen Roller, Emily Dinan, Naman Goyal, Da Ju, Mary Williamson, Yinhan Liu, Jing Xu, Myle Ott, Kurt Shuster, Eric\u00a0M. Smith, Y.-Lan Boureau, and Jason Weston. 2020. Recipes for building an open-domain chatbot. arXiv:2004.13637 [cs] (April 2020). http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2004.13637 arXiv:2004.13637."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Studies in the organization of conversational interaction","author":"Sacks Harvey","unstructured":"Harvey Sacks , Emanuel\u00a0 A Schegloff , and Gail Jefferson . 1978. A simplest systematics for the organization of turn taking for conversation . In Studies in the organization of conversational interaction . Elsevier , 7\u201355. Harvey Sacks, Emanuel\u00a0A Schegloff, and Gail Jefferson. 1978. A simplest systematics for the organization of turn taking for conversation. In Studies in the organization of conversational interaction. Elsevier, 7\u201355."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173889"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"brains, and programs. The Turing Test: Verbal Behaviour as the Hallmark of Intelligence","author":"Minds R Searle","year":"1980","unstructured":"John\u00a0 R Searle 1980. Minds , brains, and programs. The Turing Test: Verbal Behaviour as the Hallmark of Intelligence ( 1980 ), 201\u2013224. John\u00a0R Searle 1980. Minds, brains, and programs. The Turing Test: Verbal Behaviour as the Hallmark of Intelligence (1980), 201\u2013224."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/FITEE.1700826"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"An artificial intelligence predicts the future. The Economist (Nov","author":"Standage Tom","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tom Standage . 2019. An artificial intelligence predicts the future. The Economist (Nov . 2019 ). https:\/\/worldin.economist.com\/edition\/2020\/article\/17521\/artificial-intelligence-predicts-future Tom Standage. 2019. An artificial intelligence predicts the future. The Economist (Nov. 2019). https:\/\/worldin.economist.com\/edition\/2020\/article\/17521\/artificial-intelligence-predicts-future"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3405755.3406123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Techniche. 2011. Rollo Carpenter. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111127115711http:\/\/www.techniche.org\/techniche11\/lectures\/287.html  Techniche. 2011. Rollo Carpenter. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111127115711http:\/\/www.techniche.org\/techniche11\/lectures\/287.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3411763.3451623"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Robot Bores: AI-powered awkward first date. BBC News (Nov.","author":"Wakefield Jane","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jane Wakefield . 2020 . Robot Bores: AI-powered awkward first date. BBC News (Nov. 2020). https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-54718671 Jane Wakefield. 2020. Robot Bores: AI-powered awkward first date. BBC News (Nov. 2020). https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-54718671"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2006.05.002"}],"event":{"name":"CUI '21: CUI 2021 - 3rd Conference on Conversational User Interfaces","location":"Bilbao (online) Spain","acronym":"CUI '21"},"container-title":["CUI 2021 - 3rd Conference on Conversational User Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3469595.3469597","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3469595.3469597","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:17:29Z","timestamp":1750191449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3469595.3469597"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3469595.3469597","10.1145\/3469595"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3469595.3469597","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]}}}