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Internet Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Edge computing offers the possibility of deploying applications at the edge of the network. To take advantage of available devices\u2019 distributed resources, applications often are structured as microservices, often having stringent requirements of low latency and high availability. However, a decentralized edge system that the application may be intended for is characterized by high volatility, due to devices making up the system being unreliable or leaving the network unexpectedly. This makes application deployment and assurance that it will continue to operate under volatility challenging. We propose an adaptive framework capable of deploying and efficiently maintaining a microservice-based application at runtime, by tackling two intertwined problems: (i) finding a microservice placement across device hosts and (ii) deriving invocation paths that serve it. Our objective is to maintain correct functionality by satisfying given requirements in terms of end-to-end latency and availability, in a volatile edge environment. We evaluate our solution quantitatively by considering performance and failure recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3470658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T16:03:26Z","timestamp":1631635406000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adaptive Management of Volatile Edge Systems at Runtime With Satisfiability"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8925-9339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosmin","family":"Avasalcai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Distributed Systems Group, TUWien, Vienna, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9493-3404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Tsigkanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Distributed Systems Group, TUWien, Vienna, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6872-8821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Schahram","family":"Dustdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Distributed Systems Group, TUWien, Vienna, Austria"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1941944"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EDGE.2019.00027"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2021.3074188"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3284553"},{"volume-title":"Satisfiability Modulo Theories","author":"Barrett Clark","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Clark Barrett and Cesare Tinelli . 2018. Satisfiability Modulo Theories . Springer International Publishing , Cham, Switzerland , 305\u2013343. Clark Barrett and Cesare Tinelli. 2018. Satisfiability Modulo Theories. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, 305\u2013343."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2701408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2913162"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2018.8647488"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1792734.1792766"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FMEC49853.2020.9144934"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCC.2018.8538655"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MobileCloud.2019.00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2952767"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saadallah Kassir Gustavo de Veciana Nannan Wang Xi Wang and Paparao Palacharla. 2020. Service placement for real-time applications: Rate-adaptation and load-balancing at the network edge. In Proceedings of the 2020 7th IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing (CSCloud\u201920) and the 2020 6th IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Scalable Cloud (EdgeCom\u201920). 207\u2013215.  Saadallah Kassir Gustavo de Veciana Nannan Wang Xi Wang and Paparao Palacharla. 2020. Service placement for real-time applications: Rate-adaptation and load-balancing at the network edge. In Proceedings of the 2020 7th IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing (CSCloud\u201920) and the 2020 6th IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Scalable Cloud (EdgeCom\u201920). 207\u2013215.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCloud-EdgeCom49738.2020.00044"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2003.1160055"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2889511"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2898573"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3186592"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCGRID.2018.00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CloudNet47604.2019.9064110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Symposium on the Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS\u201920)","author":"Rossi Fabiana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fabiana Rossi , Valeria Cardellini , and Francesco\u00a0Lo Presti . 2020 . Self-adaptive threshold-based policy for microservices elasticity . In Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Symposium on the Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS\u201920) . Fabiana Rossi, Valeria Cardellini, and Francesco\u00a0Lo Presti. 2020. Self-adaptive threshold-based policy for microservices elasticity. In Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Symposium on the Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS\u201920)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MobileCloud.2019.00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11761-017-0219-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klervie Tocz\u00e9 and Simin Nadjm-Tehrani. 2018. A taxonomy for management and optimization of multiple resources in edge computing. arXiv:1801.05610.  Klervie Tocz\u00e9 and Simin Nadjm-Tehrani. 2018. A taxonomy for management and optimization of multiple resources in edge computing. arXiv:1801.05610.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7476201"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2019.2935800"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Edge-based runtime verification for the Internet of Things","author":"Tsigkanos Christos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Christos Tsigkanos , Marcello Bersani , Pantelis\u00a0 A. Frangoudis , and Schahram Dustdar . 2021. Edge-based runtime verification for the Internet of Things . IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 1 ( 2021 ), 1. Christos Tsigkanos, Marcello Bersani, Pantelis\u00a0A. Frangoudis, and Schahram Dustdar. 2021. Edge-based runtime verification for the Internet of Things. 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