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Despite extensive research, a consensus has not formed on its theoretical basis or methodologies. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess operationalizations of human likeness (independent variable) and the UV effect (dependent variable). Of 468 studies, 72 met the inclusion criteria. These studies employed 10 different stimulus creation techniques, 39 affect measures, and 14 indirect measures. Based on 247 effect sizes, a three-level meta-analysis model revealed the UV effect had a large effect size, Hedges\u2019\n            <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n            = 1.01 [0.80, 1.22]. A mixed-effects meta-regression model with creation technique as the moderator variable revealed\n            <jats:italic>face distortion<\/jats:italic>\n            produced the largest effect size,\n            <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n            = 1.46 [0.69, 2.24], followed by\n            <jats:italic>distinct entities, g<\/jats:italic>\n            = 1.20 [1.02, 1.38],\n            <jats:italic>realism render, g<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.99 [0.62, 1.36], and\n            <jats:italic>morphing, g<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.94 [0.64, 1.24]. Affective indices producing the largest effects were\n            <jats:italic>threatening, likable, aesthetics, familiarity<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>eeriness<\/jats:italic>\n            , and indirect measures were\n            <jats:italic>dislike frequency, categorization reaction time, like frequency, avoidance<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>viewing duration<\/jats:italic>\n            . This meta-analysis\u2014the first on the UV effect\u2014provides a methodological foundation and design principles for future research.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3470742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T00:28:21Z","timestamp":1634603301000},"page":"1-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["A Meta-analysis of the Uncanny Valley's Independent and Dependent Variables"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Diel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Weigelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vision, Visual Impairments &amp; Blindness, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany"}]},{"given":"Karl F.","family":"Macdorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2906831.2906902"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2018-1093"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication","author":"Bartneck Christoph","year":"2009","unstructured":"Christoph Bartneck, Takayuki Kanda, Hiroshi Ishiguro, and Norihiro Hagita. 2009a. 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