{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T12:22:05Z","timestamp":1776082925602,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61802359 and 62025207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61802359 and 62025207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Lab","award":["2019NB0AB03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019NB0AB03"]}]},{"name":"USTC Research Funds of Double First-Class Initiative","award":["YD0010002003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YD0010002003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In virtual reality (VR), the virtual scenes are pre-designed by creators. Our physical surroundings, however, comprise significantly varied sizes, layouts, and components. To bridge the gap and further enable natural navigation, recent solutions have been proposed to redirect users or recreate the virtual content. However, they suffer from either interrupted experience or distorted appearances. We present a novel VR-oriented algorithm that automatically restructures a given virtual scene for a user\u2019s physical environment. Different from the previous methods, we introduce neither interrupted walking experience nor curved appearances. Instead, a perception-aware function optimizes our retargeting technique to preserve the fidelity of the virtual scene that appears in VR head-mounted displays. Besides geometric and topological properties, it emphasizes the unique first-person view perceptual factors in VR, such as dynamic visibility and objectwise relationships. We conduct both analytical experiments and subjective studies. The results demonstrate our system\u2019s versatile capability and practicability for natural navigation in VR: It reduces the virtual space by 40% without statistical loss of perceptual identicality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3470847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T22:08:52Z","timestamp":1633730932000},"page":"1-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Tailored Reality: Perception-aware Scene Restructuring for Adaptive VR Navigation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0545-1700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi-Chao","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei University of Technology, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zenghao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanjie","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ligang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ming","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276390"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WEVR.2016.7859537"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2017.7892235"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3345554"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3130800.3130893"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-091718-014809"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2383894.2383931"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision","volume":"23","author":"Hartmann Stefan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stefan Hartmann , Bj\u00f6rn Kr\u00fcger , and Reinhard Klein . 2015 . Content-aware re-targeting of discrete element layouts . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision , Vol. 23 . 173\u2013182. Stefan Hartmann, Bj\u00f6rn Kr\u00fcger, and Reinhard Klein. 2015. Content-aware re-targeting of discrete element layouts. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision, Vol. 23. 173\u2013182."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13506285.2011.596852"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.50.1.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2007.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Visible colleges: Structure and randomness in the place of discovery. Sci","volume":"4","author":"Hillier Bill","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bill Hillier and Alan Penn . 1991 . Visible colleges: Structure and randomness in the place of discovery. Sci . Context 4 , 1 (1991), 23 \u2013 50 . Bill Hillier and Alan Penn. 1991. Visible colleges: Structure and randomness in the place of discovery. Sci. Context 4, 1 (1991), 23\u201350.","journal-title":"Context"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3355089.3356490"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/3151666.3151671"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-010-0472-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0303_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610385359"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1457515.1409064"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Springer Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games, 1\u201311.","author":"Langbehn Eike","unstructured":"Eike Langbehn and Frank Steinicke . 2018. Redirected Walking in Virtual Reality . Springer Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games, 1\u201311. Eike Langbehn and Frank Steinicke. 2018. Redirected Walking in Virtual Reality. Springer Encyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games, 1\u201311."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201335"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2070781.2024217"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1886063.1886076"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3242587.3242648"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.061307.090723"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2018.111125628"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011139631724"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2793560"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"Parametric coding of the size and clutter of natural scenes in the human brain. Cerebr. Cortex 25, 7 (01","author":"Park Soojin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Soojin Park , Talia Konkle , and Aude Oliva . 2014. Parametric coding of the size and clutter of natural scenes in the human brain. Cerebr. Cortex 25, 7 (01 2014 ), 1792\u20131805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bht418arXiv:https:\/\/academic. oup.com\/cercor\/article-pdf\/25\/7\/1792\/14102860\/bht 418.pdf. Soojin Park, Talia Konkle, and Aude Oliva. 2014. Parametric coding of the size and clutter of natural scenes in the human brain. Cerebr. Cortex 25, 7 (01 2014), 1792\u20131805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bht418arXiv:https:\/\/academic. oup.com\/cercor\/article-pdf\/25\/7\/1792\/14102860\/bht 418.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b3041"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1866158.1866186"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1399504.1360615"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1576246.1531329"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1665817.1665828"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2195921.2196345"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2012.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201294"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925883"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","first-page":"328","article-title":"A survey of image retargeting techniques","volume":"7798","author":"Vaquero Daniel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Daniel Vaquero , Matthew Turk , Kari Pulli , Marius Tico , and Natasha Gelfand . 2010 . A survey of image retargeting techniques . In Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIII , Vol. 7798. 328 \u2013 342 . Daniel Vaquero, Matthew Turk, Kari Pulli, Marius Tico, and Natasha Gelfand. 2010. A survey of image retargeting techniques. In Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIII, Vol. 7798. 328\u2013342.","journal-title":"Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXIII"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3DUI.2009.4811188"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI\u201913)","author":"Vasylevska Khrystyna","unstructured":"Khrystyna Vasylevska , Hannes Kaufmann , Mark Bolas , and Evan A. Suma . 2013. Flexible spaces: Dynamic layout generation for infinite walking in virtual environments . In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI\u201913) . 39\u201342. Khrystyna Vasylevska, Hannes Kaufmann, Mark Bolas, and Evan A. Suma. 2013. Flexible spaces: Dynamic layout generation for infinite walking in virtual environments. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI\u201913). 39\u201342."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2009.4959767"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1457515.1409071"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2010324.1964981"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00954"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2968826.2968881"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3470847","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/3470847","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T20:18:55Z","timestamp":1750191535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3470847"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/3470847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3470847","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}